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Thai alphabet with pronunciation and transliteration (romanization) <> :root{--blue:#007bff;--indigo:#6610f2;--purple:#6f42c1;--pink:#e83e8c;--red:#dc3545;--orange:#fd7e14;--yellow:#ffc107;--green:#28a745;--teal:#20c997;--cyan:#17a2b8;--white:#fff;--gray:#6c757d;--gray-dark:#343a40;--primary:#007bff;--secondary:#6c757d;--success:#28a745;--info:#17a2b8;--warning:#ffc107;--danger:#dc3545;--light:#f8f9fa;--dark:#343a40;--breakpoint-xs:0;--breakpoint-sm:576px;--breakpoint-md:768px;--breakpoint-lg:992px;--breakpoint-xl:1200px;--font-family-sans-serif:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol";--font-family-monospace:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Monaco,Consolas,"Liberation Mono","Courier 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The origin of the Thai writing system can be traced back to the Devanagari script of Indiawhich was also utilized for writing the Pali and Sanskrit languages. Thusthe Thai script has its roots in India but underwent modifications as it journeyed through Cambodia before reaching the Thai people. This scripttailored to the Thai languagefirst emerged in the year 1283thanks to the efforts of King Ramkhaeng of Sukhothai. While the shapes of the characters have undergone some changes over the centuriesthe fundamental system remains consistent with its 13th-century counterpart. The Thai alphabet consists of 44 consonants. Vowels are not included in the alphabet but are listed below. Consonants are divided into three classes: LowMiddleand Highwhich define the tone and pronunciation of the syllable.

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Consonants - พยัญชนะ (phaH yanM chaH naH) (44 symbols)

Each letter/consonant in the Thai language has a unique identifier/word that always remains the same. This is because some consonants have the same or similar sound. For exampleimagine someone asks you to spell a word starting with kh. There are two letters with identical pronunciationso you would ask which letter to use: or . Another reason is that because native speakers sometimes interchange letters L and R. So when you need to clarify which letter should be used for writing down the wordyou might ask to identify the symbol:
  • kh ("water buffalo" letter) or kh ("bell" letter)
  • "monkey" letter for ("L" sound) or "boat" letter for ("R" sound)
Consonant classes อักษร(akL saawnR)
High class consonants อักษรสูง (akL saawnR suungR) ขฃฉฐถผฝศษสห
Middle class consonants อักษรกลาง (akL saawnR glaangM) กจฎฏดตบปอ
Low class consonants อักษรต่ำ (akL saawnR dtamL) คฅฆงชซฌญฑฒณทธนพฟภมยรลวฬฮ
Symbol Pronunciation Romanization/Transliteration English translation
ก ไก่ gaawM gaiL chicken
ขอ ไข่ khaawR khaiL egg
ฃอ ขวด khaawR khuaatL bottle
คอ ควาย khaawM khwaaiM water buffalo
ฅอ คน khaawM khohnM personhuman being
ฆอ ระฆัง khaawM raH khangM large bell
งอ งู ngaawM nguuM snake
จอ จาน jaawM jaanM platedish
ฉอ ฉิ่ง chaawR chingL cymbals (musical instrument)
ชอ ช้าง chaawM chaangH elephant
ซอ โซ่ saawM so:hF chain
ฌอ เฌอ chaawM chuuhrM tree
ญอ หญิง yaawM yingR women
ฎอ ชฎา daawM chaH daaM Thai hairdress
ฏอ ปฏัก dtaawM bpaL dtakL spear
ฐอ ฐาน thaawR thaanR basepedestal
ฑอ มณโฑ thaawM mohnM tho:hM wife of a giant
ฒอ ผู้เฒ่า thaawM phuuF thaoF elder person
ณอ เณร naawM naehnM Buddist novice monk
ดอ เด็ก daawM dekL child
ตอ เต่า dtaawM dtaoL turtle
ถอ ถุง thaawR thoongR bag
ทอ ทหาร thaawM thaH haanR soldier
ธอ ธง thaawM thohngM flag
นอ หนู naawM nuuR mouse
บอ ใบไม้ baawM baiM maaiH leaf of a tree
ปอ ปลา bpaawM bplaaM fish
ผอ ผึ้ง phaawR pheungF bee
ฝอ ฝา faawR faaR capcover of a pot/bowl
พอ พาน phaawM phaanM traditional Thai tray (usually for offering items to Buddhist monk)
ฟอ ฟัน faawM fanM tooth
ภอ สำเภา phaawM samR phaoM junk (small boat used in Southeast Asia)
มอ ม้า maawM maaH horse
ยอ ยักษ์ yaawM yakH giant
รอ เรือ raawM reuuaM boat
ลอ ลิง laawM lingM monkey
วอ แหวน waawM waaenR ring
ศอ ศาลา saawR saaR laaM pavilion
ษอ ฤๅษี saawR reuuM seeR ascetic
สอ เสือ saawR seuuaR tiger
หอ หีบ haawR heepL wooden box
ฬอ จุฬา laawM jooL laaM kite
ออ อ่าง aawM aangL basin
ฮอ นกฮูก haawM nohkH huukF owl
Obsolete consonants (not a part of the alphabet)
Letter Transliteration/Romanization and pronunciation
reu
leu

Vowels (not a part of the alphabet)

Symbols Pronunciation Romanization/Transliteration
สระ อะ saL raL aL
สระ อา saL raL aaM
อิ สระ อิ saL raL iL
อี สระ อี saL raL eeM
อึ สระ อึ saL raL euL
อื สระ อื saL raL euuM
อุ สระ อุ saL raL uL
อู สระ อู saL raL uuM
เ-ะ สระ เอะ saL raL eaL
เ- สระ เอ saL raL aehM
แ-ะ สระ แอะ saL raL aeL
แ- สระ แอ saL raL aaeM
โ-ะ สระ โอะ saL raL o:L
โ- สระ โอ saL raL o:hM
เ-าะ สระ เอาะ saL raL oM
-อ สระ ออ saL raL aawM

as "aw" in "saw"

เ-อะ สระ เออะ saL raL uhrM
เ-อ สระ เออ saL raL uuhrM
เอียะ สระ เอียะ saL raL ia
เอีย สระ เอีย saL raL iia
เอือะ สระ เอือะ saL raL euaL
เอือ สระ เอือ saL raL euuaL
อัวะ สระ อัวะ saL raL ua

as "ewe" in "sewer"

อัว สระ อัว saL raL ua

as "ewe" in "newer"

อำ สระ อำ saL raL amM
ใ- สระ ใอ saL raL aiM
ไ- สระ ไอ saL raL aiM
เ-า สระ เอา saL raL aoM
ฤ รึ saL raL reuH
ฤๅ ฤๅ รือ saL raL reuM
ฦ ลึ saL raL leuuM
ฦๅ ฦๅ ลือ saL raL leuuM

Tone markers

Symbol Name Pronunciation Tone
อ่ ไม้เอก maaiH aehkL High class or middle class consonant then low tone. Falling tone if low class consonant.
อ้ ไม้โท maaiH tho:hM Falling tone if high or middle class consonant. High tone if low class consonant.
อ๊ ไม้ตรี maaiH dtreeM High tone.
อ่ ไม้จัตวา maaiH jatL dtaL waaM Rising tone.

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Alphabet and numerals for memorizingpronunciation from native speaker.

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Published by: Boris 2023-09-20modified 2025-11-13.