Floods
Floods are the deadliest natural hazardsstriking numerous regions in the world each year.
Increasing population pressuredegradation of ecosystem and climate variability and change contribute to a further increase in flood risks worldwide.
Overview
Floods are part of the natural variability in flow rates and water levels of rivers. This means that flood management plays an important role in protecting people and incorporating flood risks into the management of water resources provides a rationale to shift towards an integrated flood management approach.
During the last decades the trend in flood damages has been growing exponentially. This is a consequence of the increasing frequency of heavy precipitationchanges in upstream land-use and a continuously increasing concentration of population and assets in flood-prone areas. This is often exacerbated by inadequate flood planning and management practices.
Sea level rise has increased vulnerability to storm surge and related coastal floodingas well.
Impact
Floods can cause widespread devastationresulting in loss of life and damage to personal property and critical public health infrastructure. Between 1998-2017floods affected more than 2 billion people worldwide. (Source: https://www.preventionweb.net/files/61119_credeconomiclosses.pdf)
Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of floodsand their impacts are exacerbated by land use changes and increased population pressure on flood-prone areas. (Source: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/how-climate-change-making-record-breaking-floods-new-normal)
WMO's response
Through the Flood Forecasting InitiativeWMO helps to improve the capacities of National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to jointly deliver timely and more accurate products and services for flood forecasting and warningin collaboration with disaster managers active in flood emergency preparedness and response.
WMOtogether with the Global Water Partnership has established the joint initiative of the Associated Programme on Flood Management (APFM). It promotes the concept of Integrated Flood Management (IFM) to maximize net benefits from the use of floodplains and minimize the loss of life and impacts. As suchit provides tools and publications to support flood management. To address the issues associated with flash floodsespecially the lack of capacity to develop effective flash flood warningsthe Flash Flood Guidance System (FFGS) was designed and developed for interactive use by meteorological and hydrological forecasters. WMOjointly with the U.S. Agency for International Development Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID/BHA)the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Weather Service (NOAA) and the Hydrologic Research Center (HRC)is implementing this system throughout the world.
The APFM and the FFGS are just two of the elements that contribute to the WMO Flood Forecasting Initiativewhich also oversees activities related to the WMO Long-Term Ambition “No one is surprised by a flood” such as building capacities on technical aspects related to end-to-end flood forecasting and early warning.
