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< data-emotion="wef xw2ell">.chakra .wef-xw2ell{line-height:1.5rem;font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:1.3px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-smaller);color:var(--chakra-colors-greyDark);}< data-emotion="wef nab2vq">.chakra .wef-nab2vq{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;line-height:1.5rem;font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:1.3px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-smaller);color:var(--chakra-colors-greyDark);}.chakra .wef-nab2vq:hover,.chakra .wef-nab2vq[data-hover]{text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-nab2vq:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-nab2vq[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}Emerging Technologies< data-emotion="wef 1fpzl24">.chakra .wef-1fpzl24{font-family:AkkuratLLWeb,sans-serif;font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-short);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-h1Base);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-large);color:var(--chakra-colors-black);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1fpzl24{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-h1);}}

Web3: The hype and how it can transform the internet

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An infographic showing how the internet has evolved to become more dynamic and dimensional from Web1 to Web3

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The evolution of the internet to Web3 Image: Rapid Innovation

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Listen to the article

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The dominance of big tech over internet use and its control over personal data has led calls for the net's decentralization.
The third iteration of the internet – Web3 – will be defined by open-source technologyutilizing blockchain technology to be trustless and permissionless.
Web3 is still in its infancy and there are still large questions to address.

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As the internet has evolvedits influence on us has been profoundshaping everything from what we readthe products we purchasethe entertainment we watch and how we communicate. It seems to know everything about us – our likesdislikesfriendsshopping habits and favourite cat videos.

This intimate knowledge could be inferred as good or bad. You can be targeted with advertisements for products you didn’t know you wanted and be suggested news articles you didn’t know you wanted to read. This personalization can be convenient but also invasive.

There are concerns abound over who has access to and controls this personal information. Big tech has increasingly come under fire for their use and potential abuse of personal datacombined with their large influence over the internet based on their market dominance. As of 201943% of total net traffic flows through Google (Alphabet)AmazonMeta (previously Facebook)NetflixMicrosoft and Apple.

This dominance is more acute within their primary categorieswith Google controlling almost 87% of the global search market and Meta reaching 3.6 billion unique users across its four major platforms (FacebookWhatsappMessenger and Instagram).

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Reclaiming big tech’s power

Web3 is a new iteration of the internet that harnesses blockchain to “decentralize” management thus reducing the control of big corporationssuch as Google or Metaand making it more democratic. It is defined by open-source softwareis trustless – doesn’t require the support of a trusted intermediary – and is permissionless (it has no governing body).

Web3 draws its named as the third iteration of the internet. The first iteration of the internet consisted of read-onlystatic webpages (view a BBC homepage from August 2000 as an example). Web 2.0 added the ability to interact with and produce contentmaking activities such as social media and online banking and shopping possible.

The concept of Web3 has been around for over half a decadeoriginally coined by Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood in 2014. It gained tractionhoweverin 2021 with the proliferation of blockchain technologiesexpanding NFT marketsventure capital investments and ongoing calls to reign in the power of big tech.

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Have you read?

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Web3 rise in practice

The current internetWeb 2.0relies on systems and servers owned largely by big corporationsraising concerns over system vulnerability and control. When Meta’s associated platforms suffered a global outage in early October – exacerbated by the centralization of its servers – there were calls to adopt Web3 and its decentralized architecture.

Proponents of adopting Web3 also advocate for internet activity to be governed by the many rather than the incentives and biases of the few. After allwhy should large corporations control our data?

In a Web3 worldactivities and data would be hosted on a network of computers using blockchain rather than corporate servers. The internet would likely have the same look and feelat least initiallybut your internet activities would be represented by your crypto-wallet and websites hosted through decentralized applications (dapps)digital applications run on a blockchain network.

The definition of Web3 can differ by source; howeversome consistent features will likely be embedded into the system:

Anonymous single-sign-on

Anonymous single-sign-on will allow one username and authentication method across all websites and accountsrather than individual logins for each site. This login would not require you to relinquish control of sensitive personal data.

This feature differs from current Facebook or Google single-sign-onwhich grants access to your personal data until you revoke this access. Howeverall transactions on the blockchain are publicso technicallyeveryone can see the assets and data assigned to a specific wallet. This transparency is also why wallets are anonymousidentified only by an addressnot a name unless the individual chooses to assign personal details to their wallet(s).

Individual ownership and tokenization

Activities that contribute to Web3 are rewarded by a token (either NFT or fungiblee.g. cryptocurrency) to incentivize participation and distribute ownership.

For examplewhen posting a new social messagean NFT representing that post would be “minted” (generated) and stored as an asset in a crypto-wallet. This token represents ownership over the messagewhich can then be traded with others via their wallets. If the post is popularthe returns will go to the token owner rather than to the platform it’s hosted on.

Self-governing

Along with the distribution of ownership is the distribution of decision-making power. Without a central authorityblockchains rely on the entire network to verify an activity via consensus. Howeverspecific systemssuch as those used in decentralized autonomous organizations can be established to democratize decision-making based on the quality or volume of a user’s investment into a site or dapp.

For examplebased on their share of ownership of a platformusers can vote on the rules that govern a site (e.g. what classifies as misinformation). These rules are then executed by smart contracts.

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Web3 in its infancy

While several Web3 dapps existthere is no broad Web3 infrastructure like the current internet. Significant widespread developmentconsolidation and accessibility efforts are needed before the Web3 vision is realizedif at all.

There are many considerations for widespread adoptionmeaning Web3 may not live up to the hype promised. Questions remainsuch as can Web3 scale sustainably? Will Web3 really deliver online sovereignty? Can we educate and shift the culture of the masses to understand Web3?

There are no one-word answers to these questionsbut we look forward to unravelling the potential and challenges they elude to in future articles.

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< data-emotion="wef 1ugksho">.chakra .wef-1ugksho{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;color:var(--chakra-colors-greyLight);}.chakra .wef-1ugksho:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1ugksho[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}.chakra .wef-1ugksho:hover,.chakra .wef-1ugksho[data-hover]{text-decoration:none;}See all

< data-emotion="wef 1fertmg">.chakra .wef-1fertmg{width:100%;max-width:90rem;margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-base);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-base);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-0);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1fertmg{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-large);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-large);}}@media screen and (min-width: 90rem){.chakra .wef-1fertmg{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-3xl);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-3xl);}}

< data-emotion="wef 18lbtgg">.chakra .wef-18lbtgg{display:grid;grid-gap:var(--chakra-space-space-200);grid-row-gap:var(--chakra-space-base);grid-template-columns:repeat(41fr);width:100%;max-width:90rem;margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-18lbtgg{grid-template-columns:repeat(81fr);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-18lbtgg{grid-gap:var(--chakra-space-space-300);grid-row-gap:var(--chakra-space-3xl);grid-template-columns:repeat(121fr);}}

< data-emotion="wef qrllub">.chakra .wef-qrllub{grid-column:span 12/span 12;}

< data-emotion="wef sw29ts">.chakra .wef-sw29ts{display:flex;flex-direction:column;border-radius:0px;background:var(--chakra-colors-black);overflow:hidden;}

< data-emotion="wef xnqvtg">.chakra .wef-xnqvtg{margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-base);position:relative;width:auto;}

< data-emotion="wef 1qbpo0l">.chakra .wef-1qbpo0l{width:auto;height:auto;}

< data-emotion="wef 1c0if2w">.chakra .wef-1c0if2w{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;display:block;height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;}.chakra .wef-1c0if2w:hover,.chakra .wef-1c0if2w[data-hover]{text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-1c0if2w:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1c0if2w[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}

< data-emotion="wef 1kmcw0o">.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o{position:relative;max-width:var(--chakra-sizes-full);min-height:100%;}.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o>*:not(){overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:var(--chakra-space-0);right:var(--chakra-space-0);bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);left:var(--chakra-space-0);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;height:100%;}.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o>img,.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o>video{object-fit:cover;}.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o::before{height:var(--chakra-sizes-0);content:"";display:block;padding-bottom:56.25%;}

< data-emotion="wef 5sz0t5">.chakra .wef-5sz0t5{position:absolute;left:var(--chakra-space-small);bottom:var(--chakra-space-small);}

< data-emotion="wef 1xnlgsk">.chakra .wef-1xnlgsk{flex:1;justify-content:initial;flex-direction:column;}

< data-emotion="wef 1cj5ood">.chakra .wef-1cj5ood{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-short);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-large);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);text-align:left;margin:var(--chakra-space-0);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:4;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-1cj5ood{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-largest);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1cj5ood{font-size:3rem;}}

How the bioeconomy is impacting all 5 of our senses

< data-emotion="wef 8xl60i">.chakra .wef-8xl60i{margin-top:auto;}

< data-emotion="wef jwp324">.chakra .wef-jwp324{margin-top:auto;padding-top:var(--chakra-space-smaller);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-jwp324{padding-top:var(--chakra-space-base);}}

< data-emotion="wef t0m58g">.chakra .wef-t0m58g{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-tall);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smallest);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-0);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-t0m58g{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-t0m58g{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-base);}}

Dr Gideon Lapidoth and Madeleine North

< data-emotion="wef i054we">.chakra .wef-i054we{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-tall);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smallest);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-smallest);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);color:var(--chakra-colors-greyLight);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-i054we{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-i054we{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-base);}}

November 172025

< data-emotion="wef l67aqz">.chakra .wef-l67aqz{position:relative;border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-large);background:var(--chakra-colors-greyDarkest);overflow:hidden;color:white;}

< data-emotion="wef 70qvj9">.chakra .wef-70qvj9{display:flex;align-items:center;}

< data-emotion="wef 3eu5vo">.chakra .wef-3eu5vo{position:relative;flex-shrink:revert;margin-right:var(--chakra-space-base);align-self:start;flex:0 0 auto;width:86px;}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-3eu5vo{margin-right:var(--chakra-space-large);width:114px;}}

< data-emotion="wef gf174d">.chakra .wef-gf174d{position:relative;max-width:var(--chakra-sizes-full);min-height:100%;}.chakra .wef-gf174d>*:not(){overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:var(--chakra-space-0);right:var(--chakra-space-0);bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);left:var(--chakra-space-0);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;height:100%;}.chakra .wef-gf174d>img,.chakra .wef-gf174d>video{object-fit:cover;}.chakra .wef-gf174d::before{height:var(--chakra-sizes-0);content:"";display:block;padding-bottom:100%;}

< data-emotion="wef 4t40dv">.chakra .wef-4t40dv{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate3d(-50%-50%0);}

< data-emotion="wef ehm48o">.chakra .wef-ehm48o{width:40px;height:40px;display:inline-block;line-height:1em;flex-shrink:0;color:rgba(0000.5);vertical-align:middle;}

< data-emotion="wef 1rb8idd">.chakra .wef-1rb8idd{flex:1 1 calc(100% - 80px - 24px);padding-right:var(--chakra-space-base);width:calc(100% - 80px - 24px);min-width:var(--chakra-sizes-0);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1rb8idd{padding-right:var(--chakra-space-large);}}

< data-emotion="wef bbeb4l">.chakra .wef-bbeb4l{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;}

< data-emotion="wef 1nqbcyt">.chakra .wef-1nqbcyt{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-short);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);margin:var(--chakra-space-0);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-1nqbcyt{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-large);}}

He’s building 'gas stations' in space. How it can drive the space economy

< data-emotion="wef 1fv70ju">.chakra .wef-1fv70ju{margin-top:var(--chakra-space-base);display:none;}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1fv70ju{display:block;}}

< data-emotion="wef ik8izd">.chakra .wef-ik8izd{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-tall);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smallest);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);color:var(--chakra-colors-greyLight);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-ik8izd{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-ik8izd{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-base);}}Nov 142025

< data-emotion="wef l545ti">.chakra .wef-l545ti{position:relative;border-radius:0px;background:var(--chakra-colors-black);overflow:hidden;color:white;}