The Moon
From lighting up our skies to preserving evidence of our solar system’s historyEarth’s closest neighbor plays a pivotal role in the study of our planet and beyond.
Daily Moon Guide
NASA's interactive map for observing the Moonevery day of the year.
Artemis
All about humanity's return to the Moon.
Composition
Atmosphere
Craters
Phases
Formation
Water
Moon Composition & Structure
Like Earththe Moon consists of three main layers: a crusta mantleand a core.
Billions of years agothe Moon was a molten world. As it solidifiedthe heaviest materials (metals like iron) sank down into the Moon’s centerand the lighter materials (lower density rocks) rose towards the surface. The result is a structure a bit like a chocolate-dipped cherry – solid coremostly solid/partly liquid mantleand thin outer crust.
Does the Moon Have an Atmosphere?
Yesbut just barely.
In contrast to Earth’s thick layers of airthe Moon’s exosphere is a bit like the haze you get when you whack a dirty rug with a broom: it includes a sampling of particles knocked free by impact. But instead of a rugthese particles come from the lunar surface. Instead of flying through the airthey’re ejected into near-emptiness. And instead of a broomthe Moon is pummeled by space debris.
Lunar Craters
Earth's Moon is covered in craters.
Lunar craters tell us the history not only of the Moonbut of other worldstoo. On the Moonwhere there’s no liquid water or windevidence of our solar system's impact history has been preserved for billions of years.
Moon Phases
Earth's view of the half-sunlit Moon shifts throughout the month.
As our perspective changeswe observe a pattern known as lunar phases: new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarterand waning crescent.
Uncovering Lunar Water
There’s water on the Moon.
Ancient ice hidden deep in permanently shadowed craters. H20 molecules on the sunlit lunar surface. Humanity's search for water on the Moon began hundreds of years ago. Here's a brief history of discoveries leading up to the confirmation of its presence.
Skywatching
Your Total Lunar Eclipse QuestionsAnswered
In the early morning hours of March 32026a total lunar eclipse reddened the Moon. Here's what you need to know.
Go
Moon Dust We can learn a lot from studying Moon dust—andthe Moon's powdery surface presents challenges for human and robotic explorers.
Lunar Volcanism The Moon does not have erupting volcanoes todaybut it was once flooded with flowing lava.
The Moon & Tides As distant as the Moon may seemits gravitational pull plays a huge role in the formation of Earth's ocean tides.
Featured Video
Moon Phases 2026
This visualization shows the Moon's phase and libration at hourly intervals throughout 2026as viewed from the Northern Hemisphere.
About Moon Phases
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ImagE:
Far Side of the Moon
The Moon's far side gets as much sunlight as its near side.
Like Earththe Moon has a day side and a night sidewhich change as the Moon rotates. The Sun always illuminates half of the Moon while the other half remains dark. NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission has mapped the entire lunar surfaceincluding the Moon’s near and far sidesdown to a scale of one meter.
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ImagE:
Far Side of the Moon
Observe the Moon
Daily Moon Guide
NASA’s interactive map for observing the Moon each day of the year.
Moon Observation Journal
Spend the next month getting to know the Moon.
International Observe the Moon Night
You're invited! Learn more and see how people around the world #ObserveTheMoon together.
Lunar Melt Mappers
Help NASA map the Moon's molten flows with Lunar Melta citizen science project. Anyone with access to a computer can join in!
Keep Exploring
Discover More Topics From NASA
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