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Information and communication technology is a basic infrastructure necessary for economic and social development of a country. This is even more so as information related economic activities are growing. Information and communication technology support the central nervous system of complex societiestransmitting and processing information and commands among the various parts of such societies. Internet plays a fundamental function in ICT role¡Â
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Benefits from ICT could be obtained in: Education Job training Health care Food security Environment management Government efficiency Specifically in Science and Technology because: *Speed-up dissemination of scientific results world- wide through scientific knowledge sharing and exchange * Allows to set up of Virtual Labs for communications and remote instrument control¡„*ÿ" dZ_
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Ÿ¨Rapid evolution of ICTŸ
 vPredictions indicate: doubling of computing power every 18  24 months doubling of communications power every 6 months huge reductions in costs massive increases in speed and quantity. In 2001 more information was sent over a single cable in a second than in 1997 was sent over the entire Internet in a month.¡²
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Ÿ¨5Internet growth in developing and emerging countriesó
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Uneven distribution of Internet users in the world. Limitations in developing countries are due to: outdated public telephone network arbitrary high cost of the services. To beat the problem: Solutions based on the most advanced techniques with accessible costs. Radio technology represents in many cases the solution. ¡Š6Z1
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Ÿ¨.ICT and collaborative research and innovation Ÿ
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Ÿ¨-A Premise for Action at the Abdus Salam ICTP¡..Ÿ
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The growth of the ICT poses the challenge of providing developing countries with an adequate way to be linked with the rest of the world to avoid the risk of being cut out from main stream of information flow. The academic community is the obvious starting point for these efforts that will permeate to the rest of society. It is recognized that the underlying problem is the lack of sufficient well qualified human resources able to handle the new systems and technologies. ¡Œ

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To contribute to the expansion of ICT in developing countries the Abdus Salam ICTP : Carried out Intensive Training Activities for scientists from developing countries Established a Programme of Training and System Development on Networking and Radiocommunications with the collaboration of the United Nations University. Both radio technology and computer networking have been used to facilitate the access of ICT to academic institutions in developing countries.¡6
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¨x Radio represents a powerful tool to leap-frog the communication technology gap between developed and developing world. ¡y
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¨¼ 1989 -1st College on Theoretical and Experimental Radiopropagation Physics ( first of a series of biannual Colleges on the same topic) 1991-2nd College on Theoretical and Experimental Radiopropagation Physics ( with scientific and financial support from URSI) 1993-3rd College on Theoretical and Experimental Radiopropagation Physics ( first with financial support from URSI and ITU/BDT) 1993 to 1996- Activities cosponsored with ITU/BDT 1997- ICTP-URSI-ITU/BDT Workshop on the use of Radio for digital communications in developing countries 1998- 1st ICTP-URSI-ITU/BDT School on the use of Radio for digital communications in developing countries ( its 5th yearly edition in 2002) ¡ä¼
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Objective of the Programme of Training and System Development on Networking and Radiocommunications : To provide technical assistance and training to academic and scientific institutions in developing countries requesting: help to establish small area computer networks and their connection to the Internet¡’â
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Ÿ¨Main Projects in Africa (1)Ÿ
¨\ 1. Pilot project: computer network for education and research at the Obafemi Awolowo University of Ile-IfeNigeria with the use of spread spectrum radio technology.Successfully completed by June 1996 2. Intensive Trainingin Triestewith support of the World Bankof 26 academic network managers and 16 network engineers representing 26 Nigerian UniversitiesDecember 1996. 3. Follow up training activity for the NUNet of Nigeria in Ile-Ife and AbujaNigeria6 - 27 October 1997. Staff from all the 40 Nigerian Universities were trained in computer networking with the use of radio links. ¡Ü‚
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  4. Workshop on the use of Radio for Computer Networking at the University of Cape CoastGhana31 August - 11 September 1998. Supported also by the United Nations University (UNU) the University of Cape Coast (UCC)and other local organisations. A basic Radiocommunications Training Laboratory has been implemented at the University of Cape Coast for this purpose. 5. Training Activity on Networking and Radiocommunications in Trieste,14 September- 4 December 1998,supported also by the United Nations University . Participants were 14 scientists from Nigeria (7)Morocco (3)Angola (1)Senegal (1)Cote d Ivoire (1)Romania (1). ¡hƒ“áZ
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Ÿ¨Projects in Romania¡Ÿ
¨ 1. Pilot project for the establishment of a full Internet Connectivity between the National Institute for Material Physics located at the Magurele Physics Platform and the node of the Polytechnic University of BucharestRomania successfully carried out during July 1997. 2. Seminar on Networking and Radiocommunication carried out in Bucharest,Romania13-17 December 1999co-Organized with the University of Bucharest (CREDIS) and financed by the World Bank followed by new seminars in 2000 and 2001. ¡0
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 n  In Romanian academic environmentthe ICTP seminaries on networking and radio-propagation had a powerful impactdue to the traditional connections established between ICTP and the institutes from Magurele Platform of Physics. More researchers from different institutes participated to different ICTP seminaries. The  Abdus Salam ICTP Programme of Training and System Development on Networking and Radiocommunications was highly appreciated as an important source of expertiseoffering multiple solutions in technological domains as telecommunications and information technologywith high potential to reduce the gap between the communication infrastructures of developed and developing countries. From a Report by Dr. Andrei IoachimRomanian National Institute for Physics of Materials (NIPM)January 2003 ¡b7
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¨â Since 2000 the group has been involved in Training Activities and Technical Assistance in the use of radio for computer networking in BeninPeruSudan and Venezuela. The group created also the S&T Collaborium Initiative.¡‚ã

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