Which was revealed in Makkah

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of Allahthe Most Beneficentthe Most Merciful.

Refutation against the Idolators' Denial of the Occurrence of the Day of Judgement

In rejection of the idolators' questioning about the Day of Judgementdue to their denial of its occurrenceAllah says,

عَمَّ يَتَسَآءَلُونَ - عَنِ النَّبَإِ الْعَظِيمِ

(What are they asking about About the great news,) meaningwhat are they asking about They are asking about the matter of the Day of Judgementand it is the great news. Meaning the dreadfulhorrifyingoverwhelming information.

الَّذِى هُمْ فِيهِ مُخْتَلِفُونَ

(About which they are in disagreement.) meaningthe people are divided into two ideas about it. There are those who believe in it and those who disbelieve in it. Then Allah threatens those who deny the Day of Judgement by saying,

كَلاَّ سَيَعْلَمُونَ - ثُمَّ كَلاَّ سَيَعْلَمُونَ

(Naythey will come to know! Nayagainthey will come to know!) This is a severe threat and a direct warning.

Mentioning Allah's Powerand the Proof of His Ability to resurrect the Dead

ThenAllah begins to explain His great ability to create strange things and amazing matters. He brings this as a proof of His ability to do whatever He wishes concerning the matter of the Hereafter and other matters as well. He says,

أَلَمْ نَجْعَلِ الاٌّرْضَ مِهَـداً

(Have We not made the earth as a bed,) meaningan establishedfirm and peaceful resting place that is subservient to them.

وَالْجِبَالَ أَوْتَاداً

(And the mountains as pegs) meaningHe made them as pegs for the earth to hold it in placemake it stable and firm. This is so that it may be suitable for dwelling and not quake with those who are in it. Then Allah says,

وَخَلَقْنَـكُمْ أَزْوَجاً

(And We have created you in pairs.) meaningmale and femaleboth of them enjoying each otherand by this means procreation is achieved. This is similar to Allah's statement,

وَمِنْ ءايَـتِهِ أَنْ خَلَقَ لَكُم مِّنْ أَنفُسِكُمْ أَزْوَجاً لِّتَسْكُنُواْ إِلَيْهَا وَجَعَلَ بَيْنَكُم مَّوَدَّةً وَرَحْمَةً

(And among His signs is this that He created for you wives from among yourselvesthat you may find repose in themand He has put between you affection and mercy.) (30:21)

وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتاً

(And We have made your sleep as a thing for rest.) meaninga cessation of movement in order to attain rest from the frequent repetition and going about in search of livelihood during the day. A similar Ayah has been mentioned previously in Surat Al-Furqan.

وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً

(And We have made the night as a covering,) meaningits shade and darkness covers the people. This is as Allah says,

وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَـهَا

(By the night as it conceals it.) (91:4) Qatadah commented;

وَجَعَلْنَا الَّيْلَ لِبَاساً

(And We have made the night as a covering,) meaninga tranquil residence. Concerning Allah's statement,

وَجَعَلْنَا النَّهَارَ مَعَاشاً

(And We have made the day for livelihood.) meaning`We made it radiantluminousand shining so that the people would be able to move about in it.' By it they are able to come and go for their livelihoodearningbusiness dealings and other than that as well. In reference to Allah's statement,

وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعاً شِدَاداً

(And We have built above you seven strong,) meaningthe seven heavens in their vastnessloftinessperfectionprecisionand adornment with both stable and moving stars. ThusAllah says,

وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجاً وَهَّاجاً

(And We have made (therein) a shining lamp.) meaningthe radiant sun that gives light to all of the world. Its light glows for all of the people of the earth. Allah then says,

وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ الْمُعْصِرَاتِ مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً

(And We have sent down from the Mu`sirat water Thajjaj.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said"From the Mu`sirat means from the clouds." This was also stated by `IkrimahAbu Al-`AliyahAd-DahhakAl-HasanAr-Rabi` bin AnasAth-Thawriand it is preferred by Ibn Jarir. Al-Farra' said"They are the clouds that are filled with rainbut they do not bring rain. This is like the woman being called Mu`sir when (the time of) her menstrual cycle approachesyet she does not menstruate." This is as Allah says,

اللَّهُ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَـحَ فَتُثِيرُ سَحَاباً فَيَبْسُطُهُ فِى السَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ يَشَآءُ وَيَجْعَلُهُ كِسَفاً فَتَرَى الْوَدْقَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ خِلاَلِهِ

(Allah is He Who sends the windsso that they raise cloudsand spread them along the sky as He willsand then break them into fragmentsuntil you see rain drops come forth from their midst!) (30:48) meaningfrom its midst. Concerning Allah's statement,

مَآءً ثَجَّاجاً

(water Thajjaj) MujahidQatadahand Ar-Rabi` bin Anas all said"Thajjaj means poured out." At-Thawri said"Continuous." Ibn Zayd said"Abundant." In the Hadith of the woman with prolonged menstrual bleedingwhen the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to her,

«أَنْعَتُ لَكِ الْكُرْسُف»

(I suggest you to make an absorbent cloth for yourself.)" Meaning`dress the area with cotton.' The woman replied"O Messenger of Allah! It (the bleeding) is too much for that. Verilyit flows in profusely (Thajja)." This contains an evidence for using the word Thajj to mean abundantcontinuous and flowing. And Allah knows best. Allah said,

لِّنُخْرِجَ بِهِ حَبّاً وَنَبَاتاً - وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً

(That We may produce therewith corn and vegetationand gardens that are Alfaf.) meaning`so that We may bring out great abundancegoodnessbenefitand blessing through this water.'

حَبّاً

(grains) This refers to that which is preserved for (the usage) of humans and cattle.

وَنَبَاتاً

(and vegetations) meaningvegetables that are eaten fresh.

وَجَنَّـتٍ

(And gardens) meaninggardens of various fruitsdiffering colorsand a wide variety of tastes and fragranceseven if it is ingathered at one location of the earth. This is why Allah says

وَجَنَّـتٍ أَلْفَافاً

(And gardens that are Alfaf.) Ibn `Abbas and other said"Alfaf means gathered." This is similar to Allah's statement,

وَفِى الاٌّرْضِ قِطَعٌ مُّتَجَـوِرَتٌ وَجَنَّـتٌ مِّنْ أَعْنَـبٍ وَزَرْعٌ وَنَخِيلٌ صِنْوَنٌ وَغَيْرُ صِنْوَنٍ يُسْقَى بِمَآءٍ وَحِدٍ وَنُفَضِّلُ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ فِى الاٍّكُلِ إِنَّ فِى ذلِكَ لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ

(And in the earth are neighboring tractsand gardens of vinesand green cropsand date palmsgrowing into two or three from a single stem rootor otherwisewatered with the same water; yet some of them We make more excellent than others to eat. Verilyin these things there are Ayat for the people who understand.) (13:4)

إِنَّ يَوْمَ الْفَصْلِ كَانَ مِيقَـتاً - يَوْمَ يُنفَخُ فِى الصُّورِ فَتَأْتُونَ أَفْوَاجاً - وَفُتِحَتِ السَّمَآءُ فَكَانَتْ أَبْوَباً - وَسُيِّرَتِ الْجِبَالُ فَكَانَتْ سَرَاباً - إِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ كَانَتْ مِرْصَاداً - لِّلطَّـغِينَ مَـَاباً - لَّـبِثِينَ فِيهَآ أَحْقَاباً - لاَّ يَذُوقُونَ فِيهَا بَرْداً وَلاَ شَرَاباً - إِلاَّ حَمِيماً وَغَسَّاقاً - جَزَآءً وِفَـقاً - إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ لاَ يَرْجُونَ حِسَاباً - وَكَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَا كِذَّاباً