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设备振动要求

设备振动要求指的是为确保设备正常运行、

保证其性能和可靠性,对设备振动的幅度、频率、稳定性等参数所规

定的标准和限制。

依据

ISO 10816

标准,对于额定功率大于

15kW

且转速在

1000 - 

3600r/min

的旋转设备,其振动速度有效值应控制在

2.8mm/s

以内,以

保障设备的平稳运行和减少部件磨损。

对于往复式压缩机,其振动的频率范围通常在

10 - 100Hz

,在这

个频率区间内,振动加速度峰值不应超过

15m/s²,否则可能导致连接

部件松动和管道疲劳损坏。大型电机设备在运行时,其轴向振动位移

不应超过

0.07mm

,径向振动位移不应超过

0.05mm

,这样能避免因振动

过大造成电机轴承过热和绕组绝缘损坏。高精度数控机床的振动要求

更为严格,在加工过程中,其振动频率在

50 - 200Hz

时,振动幅值需

控制在

0.005mm

以内,以保证加工精度和表面质量。风机设备振动的

相位差应保持在一定范围内,一般水平和垂直方向的相位差在

90°±10°,可防止风机因振动相位异常而产生额外的不平衡力。

对于安装在建筑物内的设备,其振动传递到建筑物结构上的振动

加速度不应超过

0.5m/s²,以避免对建筑物结构造成影响和引起人员不

适。泵类设备在启动和停止过程中,其振动的过渡时间应控制在合理

范围,一般启动过渡时间不超过

10s

,停止过渡时间不超过

8s

,防止

因过渡时间过长造成设备内部部件的冲击损坏。航空发动机的振动要

求极高,在额定工况下,其振动加速度有效值应小于

2g

g

为重力加

速度),以确保飞行安全和发动机的可靠性。印刷设备在工作时,其