When your blood sugar levels fall within the recommended rangesit’s a sign your diabetes treatment and management plan is working. You and your doctor can determine your exact blood sugar targets. Meanwhilethese general guidelines can help.
Diabetes impacts your body’s ability to control your blood sugar (glucose) levels. Uncontrolled blood sugar can lead to serious complicationswhich is why monitoring your blood sugar and keeping it within recommended ranges is so important.
Your recommended blood sugar range can be impacted by a variety of factorssuch as your ageoverall healthand diabetes management goals.
The charts in this article will help you understand the recommended ranges for blood sugar and A1C.
Recommended blood sugar levels can help you determine whether your blood sugar is in a “normal” range.
Howeveryour blood sugar target level may vary from the general recommendation due to:
- your overall health
- your age
- the presence of other health conditions (known as comorbidities)
- the length of time you’ve had diabetes
A doctor or healthcare professional will determine your target range based on your health and medical history.
Recommended blood sugar range for adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and children with type 2 diabetes
According to the American Diabetes Associationthese ranges are recommended for adults with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes and for children with type 2 diabetes:
| Time | Recommended blood sugar range |
| Fasting (before eating) | 80 to 130 mg/dL |
| 1 to 2 hours after a meal | Lower than 180 mg/dL |
Ranges are adjusted for children under 18 years with type 1 diabetespregnant peopleand people with gestational diabetesas outlined in the charts below.
Blood sugar range for children under 18 years with type 1 diabetes
The chart below shows the recommended blood sugar range for children under 18 years with type 1 diabetes.
| Time | Recommended blood sugar range |
| Fasting (before eating) | 90 to 130 mg/dL |
| Bedtime and overnight | 90 to 150 mg/dL |
Recommended blood sugar range for pregnant people with type 1 diabetes
The chart below outlines the recommended blood sugar range for people who are pregnant and have type 1 diabetes.
| Time | Recommended blood sugar range |
| Fasting (before eating) | Lower than 95 mg/dL |
| 1 hour after a meal | 140 mg/dL or less |
| 2 hours after a meal | 120 mg/dL or less |
Blood sugar range for people with gestational diabetes
The chart below shows the recommended blood sugar range for people with gestational diabetes.
| Time | Recommended blood sugar range |
| Fasting (before eating) | Lower than 95 mg/dL |
| 1 hour after a meal | 140 mg/dL or less |
| 2 hours after a meal | 120 mg/dL or less |
Recommended blood sugar if you don’t have diabetes
For people without diabetesthe standard blood sugar range is the sameregardless of age or health condition. Howevera doctor may set different goals based on your specific circumstances.
For instanceif you have several risk factors for diabetesa doctor might want your blood sugar to be within a tighter range.
The
| Time | Recommended blood sugar range |
| Fasting (before eating) | 99 mg/dL or below |
| 1 to 2 hours after a meal | 140 mg/dL or below |
AIC is a measure of your average blood sugar over the past 3 months. To have your A1C measuredyou’ll need a blood draw.
When sugar enters your bloodstreamit binds to a protein called hemoglobin. People who have high blood sugar have a higher percentage of the hemoglobin protein coated with sugar. Your A1C result will give you an indication of what percentage of your hemoglobin is bound to sugar.
In the chart belowyou can see whether your A1C result falls into a “normal” range or whether it could be a sign of prediabetes or diabetes.
| Diagnosis | A1C result |
| Standard (“normal”) | less than 5.7% |
| Prediabetes | between 5.7% and 6.4% |
| Diabetes | 6.5% and higher |
It’s generally recommended that people with any type of diabetes keep their A1C below 7%.
Howeverother health conditions and health goals might change this. A doctor will let you know whetherbased on your unique factorsyou have a different A1C goal.
Keeping track of your blood sugar is one of the most important elements of diabetes management.
Careful monitoring of your blood sugar and knowing what may cause it to rise or fall can help you and a health team develop a diabetes care plan and set treatment goals.
Additionallymeasuring your blood sugar can help you:
- monitor how medications are impacting your blood sugar levels
- determine how different meals and food choices impact your blood sugar
- determine whether exercise or other life changes are impacting your blood sugar levels
- keep track of your overall progress
Even if you don’t have diabetesit’s a good idea to get your blood sugar checked periodically. A doctor might order a blood sugar test as part of an annual physical. If you have any risk factors for diabetesyou may need to get your blood sugar checked more often.
High blood sugar levelsknown as hyperglycemiacan make you feel tired or thirsty and can even make your vision blurry. Many factors can cause a spike in your blood sugarincluding:
- stress
- illness
- taking too little insulin
- eating large meals or eating more carbohydrates than usual
- being less physically active than usual
Over timehigh blood sugar can lead to serious complications such as:
Fast-acting insulin
If your blood sugar is higher than recommendedyou can bring it down by taking rapid-acting insulin. Talk with a doctor about how much insulin you should take if your blood sugar is above a certain level.
Howeveryou’ll want to be sure that you take into account any insulin you may already have in your body.
Some types of insulin can take several hours to be fully absorbedso you’ll want to avoid taking too much insulin if you still have some that hasn’t taken effect yet. This could cause your blood sugar to drop too low.
You’ll want to check your blood sugar within 30 to 60 minutes after administering insulin to make sure your blood sugar is coming down but not dropping too low.
Exercise
Another effective way to lower your blood sugar is to exercise.
When you’re physically activeyour body uses up excess glucose in your blood. Howeverif you have severe hyperglycemiayou should avoid exercise as it can speed up ketoacidosisa potentially life threatening condition.
Talk with a healthcare professional if you’ve been having frequent spikes in your blood sugar levels. They may want to adjust your medications or work with you to develop a different diet plan.
Low blood sugar is defined as blood sugar below 70 milligrams (mg) per deciliter (dL). If your blood sugar drops too lowyou might feel:
- dizzy or light-headed
- shaky
- hungry
- irritable
- tired
- unable to focus or concentrate
If your blood sugar stays lowyou can become confused and have trouble speaking and seeing. Blood sugar that stays low for a longer period of time can lead to serious complications such as a coma or seizures.
The rule of 15
Low blood sugar is more common in people with type 1 diabetes. It’s recommended that you treat low blood sugar using the “15-15 rule.” You do this by following these steps:
- Consume 15 g of carbohydrates and wait 15 minutes.
- After 15 minutestest your blood sugar.
- If your blood sugar rises above 70 mg/dLyou can stop.
- If your blood sugar is still below 70 mg/dLconsume another 15 g of carbohydrates and wait another 15 minutes.
- Repeat these steps until your blood sugar returns to normal.
You can get 15 g of carbohydrates from 4 glucose tabletshalf a cup of juice or regular sodaor a tablespoon of honey.
Let a doctor know if your blood sugar regularly falls too low. You might need to change the type or amount of insulin you take or the time at which you take it.
It’s also a good idea to make a note of the symptoms you experience during a low blood sugar episode and how long it takes for your blood sugar to recover. This information can help a doctor develop the right type of care plan for you.
Monitoring your blood sugar is a key part of diabetes management. Blood sugar levels that consistently fall within the recommended ranges are a sign that your medicationsdietand other diabetes treatments are working well.
Blood sugar ranges are general guidelines. You might have a slightly different recommended blood sugar range depending on your overall healthagethe length of time you’ve had diabetesand other factors.
If your blood sugar levels frequently spike too high or drop too lowtalk with a healthcare professional about making a change to your diabetes management plan.