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What is desertification and why is it important to understand?
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Currentlyaround 2 billion people live in drylandswhich are most prone to desertificationaccording to Earth.org. Image: REUTERS/Ivan Alvarado
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< data-emotion="wef spn4bz">.chakra .wef-spn4bz{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;}.chakra .wef-spn4bz:hover,.chakra .wef-spn4bz[data-hover]{text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-spn4bz:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-spn4bz[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}Andrea Willige
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This article is part of: Sustainable Development Impact Meetings
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The European Union has flagged the vulnerability of its southern members to desertification in recent years. Image: European Commission
< data-emotion="wef odo13n">.chakra .wef-odo13n{margin-top:var(--chakra-space-largest);}This article was first published in April 2024. It was updated in September 2024.
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- Factors including climate changedeforestationovergrazing and unsustainable agricultural practices are increasingly turning our world’s drylands into deserts.
- Degradation of productive soil along with the loss of biodiversitybodies of water and vegetation also impacts human lifeleading to povertyfood and water scarcity and poor health.
- But 2024 could become a seminal year for the fight against desertificationwith a series of events including the World Economic Forum’s Sustainable Development Impact Meetings and COP16 focused on tackling the issue.
When we think of desertsregions such as the Middle EastNorthern Africa or Central Asia may spring to mind. But growing desertification in the wake of climate change is drawing ever wider circles across the globeand its rate is increasing steadily.
United Nations’ latest dataas presented by 126 Parties in their 2022 national reportsshow that 15.5% of land is now degradedan increase of 4% in as many years.
But 2024 could become a seminal year for the fight against desertificationwith the 16th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP16) of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) in Saudi Arabia set to mobilize action in December.
The UNCCD is one of the three Rio Conventionsalong with the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity - and all three are taking place in 2024.
The triple COPs were the focus of a session - Putting COPs' Pledges into Practice - at the World Economic Forum's Sustainable Development Impact Meetings in New York from 23-27 September 2024.
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Speaking at the session was Ibrahim ThiawUndersecretary-General and Executive SecretaryUNCCD.
He said having three COPs in three months is "a wonderful opportunity for countries or parties ... to actually have a much more holistic view rather than having decisions that are specific to one convention that may actually harm another treaty.
"You cannot just solve the issue of biodiversity or climate or land degradation aloneyou have to have a very coherent view," Thiaw added.
He urged people to understand the interactions between land degradation and conflicts and forced migration: "99% of our calories come from land and the fresh water that we enjoy also comes from ecosystems that are found on land ... When people fight for access to fertile land and water all over the worldthen it becomes much more complex."
What does desertification mean for our planet and peopleand how can we mitigate against it?
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Have you read?
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Women's land rights: A key to combating desertification and drought
SDIM24: What are the Sustainable Development Impact Meetings and what to expect
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What is desertification and what causes it?
Desertification is a type of land degradation in which an already relatively dry land area becomes increasingly ariddegrading productive soil and losing its bodies of waterbiodiversity and vegetation cover.
It is driven by a combination of factorsincluding climate changedeforestationovergrazing and unsustainable agricultural practices.
The issue reaches far beyond deserts like the SaharaKalahari or Gobi deserts. The UNCCD says that 100 million hectares of productive land are degraded each year. Droughts are becoming more commonand three-quarters of people are expected to face water scarcity by 2050.
Currentlyaround 2 billion people live in drylandswhich are most prone to desertificationaccording to Earth.org.
Among the most affected regions are Africa and Eastern and Central Asia.
< data-emotion="wef 1r0gvwc">.chakra .wef-1r0gvwc{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;width:auto;height:auto;}.chakra .wef-1r0gvwc:hover,.chakra .wef-1r0gvwc[data-hover]{text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-1r0gvwc:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1r0gvwc[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}< data-emotion="wef 8atqhb">.chakra .wef-8atqhb{width:100%;}Change in population living in drylandsin billions. Image: IPCC
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< data-emotion="wef 1vkvaua">.chakra .wef-1vkvaua{display:block;justify-content:space-between;font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);color:var(--chakra-colors-greyDark);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-base);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-base);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-tall);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1vkvaua{display:flex;}}Who is most affected by desertification?
In Africasome 40 million people are living in severe drought conditions alreadyaccording to the World Economic Forum report Quantifying the Impact of Climate Change on Human Health 2024.
Andin AsiaChinaUzbekistanand Kyrgyzstan are among the countries that have seen temperatures soaringaccording to Earth.org. While some of these areas had been classed as having a desert climate since the 1980sdesertification has continuedleading to hotterwetter climates. In the mountainsa lack of snow has led to the gradual disappearance of glaciersthreatening water security that affects both people and agriculture.
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Discover
< data-emotion="wef iumfut">.chakra .wef-iumfut{font-size:24px;font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-shorter);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-smaller);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-base);color:inherit;}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-iumfut{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-h4);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-base);}}< data-emotion="wef 4hfq0n">.chakra .wef-4hfq0n{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-base);}What is the World Economic Forum doing about nature?
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Biodiversity loss and climate change are occurring at unprecedented ratesthreatening humanity’s very survival. Nature is in crisisbut there is hope. Investing in nature can not only increase our resilience to socioeconomic and environmental shocksbut it can help societies thrive.
There is strong recognition within the Forum that the future must be net-zero and nature-positive. The Nature Action Agenda initiativewithin the Centre for Nature and Climateis an inclusivemultistakeholder movement catalysing economic action to halt biodiversity loss by 2030.
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The Nature Action Agenda is enabling business and policy action by:
Building a knowledge base to make a compelling economic and business case for safeguarding natureshowcasing solutions and bolstering research through the publication of the New Nature Economy Reports and impactful communications.
Catalysing leadership for nature-positive transitions through multi-stakeholder communities such as Champions for Nature that takes a leading role in shaping the net-zeronature-positive agenda on the global stage.
Scaling up solutions in priority socio-economic systems through BiodiverCities by 2030turning cities into engines of nature-positive development; Financing for Natureunlocking financial resources through innovative mechanisms such as high-integrity Biodiversity Credits Market; and Sector Transitions to Nature Positiveaccelerating sector-specific priority actions to reduce impacts and unlock opportunities.
Supporting an enabling environment by ensuring implementation of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and mobilizing business voices calling for ambitious policy actions in collaboration with Business for Nature.
But land degradation also affects more temperate regions. In the USnearly 40% of the lower 48 states are facing droughtthe Forum’s report saysquoting statistics from the US National Integrated Drought Information System.
Southern Europe has seen some of its worst droughts in recent years. In Spaindesertification and overexploitation have severely affected what’s known as “Europe’s kitchen garden”. The European Union has flagged the vulnerability of its southern members to desertification in recent yearspointing not only to Spain but also PortugalItalyGreeceCyprusBulgaria and Romania.
What are the impacts of desertification?
According to the UNCCDaround 500 million people live in desertified areas.
They can experience exacerbated povertylack of food security and poor health due to malnutrition and lack of access to clean water. They are also more vulnerable to climate change and extreme weather such as droughts and natural disasters. With their livelihoods at stake and a greater risk of conflict over declining resourcesthey may also face forced migration.
One of the most prominent examples of desertification is the Aralkum desert in central Asia. In the 1960sthe area was covered by the fourth-largest lake in the worldthe Aral Sea. Since thenit has shrunk to a tenth of its former sizewith only three smallhighly salty lakes remaining. In Soviet timesits waters were used for irrigating a semi-desert region to grow cottonleading to a drop in water levels. Climate change added further impetus to this over timeturning the dry seabed into a salt-covered desertleaving fishing boats strandedrusting and livelihoods destroyed.
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How can we mitigate against desertification?
There are a wide variety of approaches to address desertificationwith many programmes underway around the globe.
Reforestation and afforestation can help revive degraded soil. In Uzbekistana regreening programme has planted trees and shrubs across one million hectares along the Aral desert. This includes the black saxual shrubwhich is highly drought resistant and can fix salt and sandstopping it from being swept up and carried inland by sandstorms.
In the Sahel and Sahara region in Africathe “Great Green Wall” – launched in 2007 by the African Union – aims to restore plant life across 100 million hectares of degraded land. Involving 22 African countriesthis initiative will revive the landstore more than 220 million tonnes of carbon and create 10 million jobs by 2030.
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Another big part of tackling land degradation is introducing sustainable land management practicesranging from agroforestry to sustainable grazing and can also improve crop yields and livelihoods.
Water management practices such as rainwater harvestingdrip-water irrigation and planting drought-resistant crops can address the impact of water scarcity.
Other remedial steps include re-vegetation and restoring natural habitats such as wetlands or entire river beds.
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< data-emotion="wef 1g91782">.chakra .wef-1g91782{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-top:var(--chakra-space-large);gap:16px;}< data-emotion="wef 1j6ephu">.chakra .wef-1j6ephu{display:inline-flex;appearance:none;align-items:center;justify-content:center;user-select:none;position:relative;white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-normal);min-width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-500);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-space-150);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-space-150);flex:0 0 auto;margin-right:-8px;border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-radius-50);border-width:var(--chakra-borderWidths-hairline);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-border-neutral-default);background-color:var(--chakra-colors-surface-neutral-subtle-default);color:var(--chakra-colors-text-neutral-default);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-400);padding:var(--chakra-space-space-75);font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1j6ephu[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu:disabled,.chakra .wef-1j6ephu[disabled],.chakra .wef-1j6ephu[aria-disabled=true],.chakra .wef-1j6ephu[data-disabled]{opacity:0.4;cursor:not-allowed;box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-none);}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu:focus,.chakra .wef-1j6ephu[data-focus]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-none);outline:2px solid;outline-color:var(--chakra-colors-border-accent-focus);outline-offset:2px;}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu span:has(svg){margin:var(--chakra-space-0);display:flex;width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-250);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-250);align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-0);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-0);}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu svg{width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-250);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-250);}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu span{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-space-100);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-space-100);}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu:hover,.chakra .wef-1j6ephu[data-hover]{border-color:var(--chakra-colors-border-neutral-hover);background-color:var(--chakra-colors-surface-neutral-subtle-hover);color:var(--chakra-colors-text-neutral-hover);}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu:active,.chakra .wef-1j6ephu[data-active]{border-color:var(--chakra-colors-border-neutral-pressed);background-color:var(--chakra-colors-surface-neutral-subtle-pressed);color:var(--chakra-colors-text-neutral-pressed);}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu .chakra-button__icon{margin:var(--chakra-space-0);width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-200);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-200);}.chakra .wef-1j6ephu .chakra-button__icon svg{width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-200);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-200);}< data-emotion="wef 9cmtty">.chakra .wef-9cmtty{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-space-75);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-space-75);max-width:199px;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;display:-webkit-box;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-line-clamp:var(--chakra-line-clamp);--chakra-line-clamp:1;}
Climate Action and Waste Reduction
Geographies in Depth
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< data-emotion="wef 6s7tuk">.chakra .wef-6s7tuk{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;list--type:none;gap:var(--chakra-space-base);padding:var(--chakra-space-0);}
- < data-emotion="wef 1yp4ln">.chakra .wef-1yp4ln{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;}
- < data-emotion="wef 1i3t50k">.chakra .wef-1i3t50k{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;}.chakra .wef-1i3t50k:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1i3t50k[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}.chakra .wef-1i3t50k:hover,.chakra .wef-1i3t50k[data-hover]{opacity:0.8;}< data-emotion="wef ffmjem">.chakra .wef-ffmjem{width:28px;height:28px;display:inline-block;line-height:1em;flex-shrink:0;color:var(--chakra-colors-black);vertical-align:middle;}
- < data-emotion="wef 4jb7xb">.chakra .wef-4jb7xb{align-items:flex-start;display:block;}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-4jb7xb{display:none;}}
< data-emotion="wef 1ax4vhm">.chakra .wef-1ax4vhm{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;display:block;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-base);}.chakra .wef-1ax4vhm:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1ax4vhm[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}.chakra .wef-1ax4vhm:hover,.chakra .wef-1ax4vhm[data-hover]{text-decoration:none;}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1ax4vhm{margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-largest);}}< data-emotion="wef 19bd2d7">.chakra .wef-19bd2d7{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding:var(--chakra-space-base);border:var(--chakra-borders-light);border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-large);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-greyLighter);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);background-color:var(--chakra-colors-black);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-19bd2d7{flex-direction:row;}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-19bd2d7{flex-direction:column;}}
< data-emotion="wef fe1wgt">.chakra .wef-fe1wgt{width:100%;border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-large);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-base);margin-right:var(--chakra-space-0);overflow:hidden;}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-fe1wgt{margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);margin-right:var(--chakra-space-base);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-fe1wgt{margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-base);margin-right:var(--chakra-space-0);}}
< data-emotion="wef r1z7cp">.chakra .wef-r1z7cp{position:relative;max-width:var(--chakra-sizes-full);min-height:100%;}.chakra .wef-r1z7cp>*:not(){overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:var(--chakra-space-0);right:var(--chakra-space-0);bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);left:var(--chakra-space-0);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;height:100%;}.chakra .wef-r1z7cp>img,.chakra .wef-r1z7cp>video{object-fit:cover;}.chakra .wef-r1z7cp::before{height:var(--chakra-sizes-0);content:"";display:block;padding-bottom:75%;}
< data-emotion="wef 1rz65o4">.chakra .wef-1rz65o4{margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-base);}
< data-emotion="wef jhx4nx">.chakra .wef-jhx4nx{white-space:nowrap;vertical-align:middle;padding-inline-start:0px;padding-inline-end:0px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-semibold);background:var(--chakra-colors-yellow);box-shadow:var(--badge-shadow);align-items:center;justify-content:center;transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-normal);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-transparent);border-width:2px;min-width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-0);border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-radius-50);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-md);letter-spacing:var(--chakra-letterSpacings-widest);padding:5px 8px;border:0;display:inline;color:var(--chakra-colors-black);}.chakra .wef-jhx4nx span{margin:var(--chakra-space-0);display:flex;width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);align-items:center;justify-content:center;}.chakra .wef-jhx4nx span svg{width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);}.chakra .wef-jhx4nx.dot{padding:var(--chakra-space-space-0);min-width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-100);width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-100);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-100);}.chakra .wef-jhx4nx.label{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-space-100);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-space-100);}.chakra .wef-jhx4nx svg{fill:var(--chakra-colors-text-on-accent);}The Big Picture
< data-emotion="wef nq019l">.chakra .wef-nq019l{font-family:AkkuratLLWeb,sans-serif;font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-short);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-h5);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-largest);}@media screen and (min-width: 90rem){.chakra .wef-nq019l{margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2xl);}}< data-emotion="wef 1oap577">.chakra .wef-1oap577{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-base);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-larger);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1oap577{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-large);}}Explore and monitor how < data-emotion="wef 16q0er6">.chakra .wef-16q0er6{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-base);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-larger);color:var(--chakra-colors-yellow);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-16q0er6{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-large);}}SDG 15: Life on Land is affecting economiesindustries and global issues
< data-emotion="wef 1lkvejq">.chakra .wef-1lkvejq{width:100px;height:70px;display:inline-block;line-height:1em;flex-shrink:0;color:currentColor;vertical-align:middle;}< data-emotion="wef 19w4mes">.chakra .wef-19w4mes{display:grid;grid-gap:var(--chakra-space-space-200);grid-row-gap:var(--chakra-space-large);grid-template-columns:repeat(41fr);width:100%;max-width:90rem;margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-base);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-base);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-largest);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-largest);align-items:center;}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-19w4mes{grid-template-columns:repeat(81fr);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-19w4mes{grid-gap:var(--chakra-space-space-300);grid-template-columns:repeat(121fr);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-large);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-large);}}@media screen and (min-width: 90rem){.chakra .wef-19w4mes{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-3xl);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-3xl);}}
< data-emotion="wef 1aafcq6">.chakra .wef-1aafcq6{background:var(--chakra-colors-black);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2xl);border-bottom:var(--chakra-borders-light);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-whiteAlpha-25);}< data-emotion="wef 1xihsz8">.chakra .wef-1xihsz8{grid-column:span 4/span 4;display:flex;align-items:center;}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-1xihsz8{grid-column:span 8/span 8;}}
< data-emotion="wef 1b7sg9l">.chakra .wef-1b7sg9l{display:none;height:200px;margin-right:var(--chakra-space-large);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-1b7sg9l{display:block;}}
< data-emotion="wef 1pip4vl">.chakra .wef-1pip4vl{grid-column:span 4/span 4;}< data-emotion="wef 1mfa9sc">.chakra .wef-1mfa9sc{font-family:AkkuratLLWeb,sans-serif;font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-shortest);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-h2Base);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-smaller);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1mfa9sc{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-h2);}}
Forum Stories < data-emotion="wef owbexn">.chakra .wef-owbexn{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-base);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);}newsletter
< data-emotion="wef 99gcic">.chakra .wef-99gcic{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-tall);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-large);margin:var(--chakra-space-0);max-width:390px;}Bringing you weekly curated insights and analysis on the global issues that matter.
< data-emotion="wef i0nt5">.chakra .wef-i0nt5{line-height:1.2;border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-radius-full);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-semibold);transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-normal);display:inline-flex;flex:0 0 auto;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border-color:var(--chakra-colors-border-on-image);border-width:var(--chakra-borderWidths-hairline);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-600);min-width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-600);padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-space-200);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-space-200);font-size:16px;color:var(--chakra-colors-text-on-image-default);border-:solid;width:100%;background:var(--chakra-colors-transparent);}.chakra .wef-i0nt5:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}.chakra .wef-i0nt5:disabled,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[disabled],.chakra .wef-i0nt5[aria-disabled=true],.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-disabled]{opacity:1;cursor:default;box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-none);border-color:var(--chakra-colors-surface-on-image-disabled);color:var(--chakra-colors-text-on-image-disabled);pointer-events:none;}.chakra .wef-i0nt5:disabled svg path,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[disabled] svg path,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[aria-disabled=true] svg path,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-disabled] svg path{fill:currentColor;}.chakra .wef-i0nt5:hover,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-hover]{text-decoration:none!important;background:var(--chakra-colors-surface-on-image-hover);border-color:border.on-image.hover;color:var(--chakra-colors-text-neutral-default);}.chakra .wef-i0nt5:hover:disabled,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-hover]:disabled,.chakra .wef-i0nt5:hover[disabled],.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-hover][disabled],.chakra .wef-i0nt5:hover[aria-disabled=true],.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-hover][aria-disabled=true],.chakra .wef-i0nt5:hover[data-disabled],.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-hover][data-disabled]{background:initial;}.chakra .wef-i0nt5:focus,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-focus]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-none);outline:2px solid;outline-color:var(--chakra-colors-border-accent-focus);outline-offset:2px;}.chakra .wef-i0nt5 span:has(svg){margin:var(--chakra-space-0);display:flex;width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-0);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-0);}.chakra .wef-i0nt5 svg{width:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);height:var(--chakra-sizes-size-300);}.chakra .wef-i0nt5 svg path{fill:currentColor;}.chakra .wef-i0nt5 span{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-space-150);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-space-150);}.chakra .wef-i0nt5:active,.chakra .wef-i0nt5[data-active]{background:var(--chakra-colors-surface-on-image-pressed);border-color:border.on-image.pressed;color:var(--chakra-colors-text-neutral-default);}Subscribe today
< data-emotion="wef pw060m">.chakra .wef-pw060m{width:100%;max-width:90rem;margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-base);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-base);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-large);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-large);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-pw060m{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-large);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-large);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-2xl);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-2xl);}}@media screen and (min-width: 90rem){.chakra .wef-pw060m{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-3xl);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-3xl);}}< data-emotion="wef 1k141dj">.chakra .wef-1k141dj{font-family:AkkuratLLWeb,sans-serif;font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-short);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-h3);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);}< data-emotion="wef 1dtnjt5">.chakra .wef-1dtnjt5{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;}
< data-emotion="wef 1fertmg">.chakra .wef-1fertmg{width:100%;max-width:90rem;margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-base);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-base);padding-top:var(--chakra-space-0);padding-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1fertmg{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-large);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-large);}}@media screen and (min-width: 90rem){.chakra .wef-1fertmg{padding-inline-start:var(--chakra-space-3xl);padding-inline-end:var(--chakra-space-3xl);}}< data-emotion="wef 18lbtgg">.chakra .wef-18lbtgg{display:grid;grid-gap:var(--chakra-space-space-200);grid-row-gap:var(--chakra-space-base);grid-template-columns:repeat(41fr);width:100%;max-width:90rem;margin-inline-start:auto;margin-inline-end:auto;}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-18lbtgg{grid-template-columns:repeat(81fr);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-18lbtgg{grid-gap:var(--chakra-space-space-300);grid-row-gap:var(--chakra-space-3xl);grid-template-columns:repeat(121fr);}}
< data-emotion="wef 1dtnjt5">.chakra .wef-1dtnjt5{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;}More on Climate Action and Waste Reduction < data-emotion="wef 17xejub">.chakra .wef-17xejub{flex:1;justify-self:stretch;align-self:stretch;}< data-emotion="wef 1ugksho">.chakra .wef-1ugksho{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;color:var(--chakra-colors-greyLight);}.chakra .wef-1ugksho:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1ugksho[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}.chakra .wef-1ugksho:hover,.chakra .wef-1ugksho[data-hover]{text-decoration:none;}See all
More on Climate Action and Waste Reduction
< data-emotion="wef 17xejub">.chakra .wef-17xejub{flex:1;justify-self:stretch;align-self:stretch;}< data-emotion="wef 1ugksho">.chakra .wef-1ugksho{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem;letter-spacing:1.3px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:700;color:var(--chakra-colors-greyLight);}.chakra .wef-1ugksho:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1ugksho[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}.chakra .wef-1ugksho:hover,.chakra .wef-1ugksho[data-hover]{text-decoration:none;}See all< data-emotion="wef qrllub">.chakra .wef-qrllub{grid-column:span 12/span 12;}
< data-emotion="wef sw29ts">.chakra .wef-sw29ts{display:flex;flex-direction:column;border-radius:0px;background:var(--chakra-colors-black);overflow:hidden;}< data-emotion="wef xnqvtg">.chakra .wef-xnqvtg{margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-base);position:relative;width:auto;}< data-emotion="wef 1xnlgsk">.chakra .wef-1xnlgsk{flex:1;justify-content:initial;flex-direction:column;}
< data-emotion="wef 1c0if2w">.chakra .wef-1c0if2w{transition-property:var(--chakra-transition-property-common);transition-duration:var(--chakra-transition-duration-fast);transition-timing-function:var(--chakra-transition-easing-ease-out);cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;outline:2px solid transparent;outline-offset:2px;color:inherit;display:block;height:100%;width:100%;position:relative;}.chakra .wef-1c0if2w:hover,.chakra .wef-1c0if2w[data-hover]{text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-1c0if2w:focus-visible,.chakra .wef-1c0if2w[data-focus-visible]{box-shadow:var(--chakra-shadows-outline);}< data-emotion="wef 5sz0t5">.chakra .wef-5sz0t5{position:absolute;left:var(--chakra-space-small);bottom:var(--chakra-space-small);}
< data-emotion="wef 1kmcw0o">.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o{position:relative;max-width:var(--chakra-sizes-full);min-height:100%;}.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o>*:not(){overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:var(--chakra-space-0);right:var(--chakra-space-0);bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);left:var(--chakra-space-0);display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:100%;height:100%;}.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o>img,.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o>video{object-fit:cover;}.chakra .wef-1kmcw0o::before{height:var(--chakra-sizes-0);content:"";display:block;padding-bottom:56.25%;}
< data-emotion="wef 1cj5ood">.chakra .wef-1cj5ood{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-short);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-large);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);text-align:left;margin:var(--chakra-space-0);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:4;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-1cj5ood{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-largest);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1cj5ood{font-size:3rem;}}
< data-emotion="wef 8xl60i">.chakra .wef-8xl60i{margin-top:auto;}Planet in focus: The technologies helping restore balance – and other news to watch in frontier tech
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< data-emotion="wef t0m58g">.chakra .wef-t0m58g{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-tall);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smallest);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-bold);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-0);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-t0m58g{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-t0m58g{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-base);}}
Jeremy Jurgens
< data-emotion="wef i054we">.chakra .wef-i054we{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-tall);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smallest);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);margin-top:var(--chakra-space-smallest);margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);color:var(--chakra-colors-greyLight);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-i054we{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-i054we{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-base);}}November 132025
< data-emotion="wef l545ti">.chakra .wef-l545ti{position:relative;border-radius:0px;background:var(--chakra-colors-black);overflow:hidden;color:white;}< data-emotion="wef 70qvj9">.chakra .wef-70qvj9{display:flex;align-items:center;}
< data-emotion="wef 3eu5vo">.chakra .wef-3eu5vo{position:relative;flex-shrink:revert;margin-right:var(--chakra-space-base);align-self:start;flex:0 0 auto;width:86px;}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-3eu5vo{margin-right:var(--chakra-space-large);width:114px;}}< data-emotion="wef 1rb8idd">.chakra .wef-1rb8idd{flex:1 1 calc(100% - 80px - 24px);padding-right:var(--chakra-space-base);width:calc(100% - 80px - 24px);min-width:var(--chakra-sizes-0);}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1rb8idd{padding-right:var(--chakra-space-large);}}
< data-emotion="wef bbeb4l">.chakra .wef-bbeb4l{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;margin-bottom:var(--chakra-space-0);display:-webkit-box;-webkit-line-clamp:2;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;}
< data-emotion="wef 1nqbcyt">.chakra .wef-1nqbcyt{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-short);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-black);color:var(--chakra-colors-white);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);margin:var(--chakra-space-0);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-1nqbcyt{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-large);}}
< data-emotion="wef l67aqz">.chakra .wef-l67aqz{position:relative;border-radius:var(--chakra-radii-large);background:var(--chakra-colors-greyDarkest);overflow:hidden;color:white;}
< data-emotion="wef 1fv70ju">.chakra .wef-1fv70ju{margin-top:var(--chakra-space-base);display:none;}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-1fv70ju{display:block;}}
< data-emotion="wef ik8izd">.chakra .wef-ik8izd{line-height:var(--chakra-lineHeights-tall);font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smallest);font-weight:var(--chakra-fontWeights-normal);color:var(--chakra-colors-greyLight);}@media screen and (min-width: 37.5rem){.chakra .wef-ik8izd{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-smaller);}}@media screen and (min-width: 56.5rem){.chakra .wef-ik8izd{font-size:var(--chakra-fontSizes-base);}}
