Indonesia

Official Sites of Indonesia




Changing of the guard ceremony at Merdeka Presidential Palace in Jakarta. The building is the residence of the President of Indonesia.
Image: Gunkarta

Political System of Indonesia

Indonesia is a presidential representative democratic republic with a multiparty system. The president is the head of statethe head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
In 2004Indonesia held its first-ever direct presidential elections.
Executive power is exercised by the government. The executive branch of the government is headed by the president and the vice president. The cabinet ministers are appointed by the president.
The legislative branch of Indonesia consists (since 2004) of the Council of the People's Representatives (lower house) and the Council of Regional Representatives (the upper house).


Government

Note: External links will open in a new browser window.

President of Indonesia
Official website of the President of Indonesia.

Indonesia Government
Government of the Republic of Indonesia.

The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia
The Indonesian parliament.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Indonesia.

Diplomatic Missions
Permanent Mission of Indonesia to the UN
Indonesia's representation to the United Nations.
Embassy of Indonesia Canada
Indonesia's EmbassyOttawa.
Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in the U.S.
Washington D.C.

Statistics
BPS - Badan Pusat Statistik
Statistics Indonesia.


Official Websites of Regional Governments:
Indonesia is divided into 34 provinces; five provinces have special status:

Jakartathe Special Capital Region of Jakarta
Acehfor the use of sharia as provincial law
The Special Region of Yogyakartaan autonomous region of Indonesia on Java
Papua and West Papua

Indonesia's Provinces official websites
 

Maps from Indonesia



Map of Indonesia (click map to enlarge)
Image: © nationsonline.org

Maps

Map of Indonesia
Political Map of Indonesia.
Administrative Regions of Indonesia
Map of Indonesia with administrative regions (provinces).

Google Map of Indonesia
Searchable map and satellite view of Indonesia.
Google Map of Jakarta
Searchable map and satellite view of Indonesia's capital city (formerly known as Sunda KelapaJayakarta and Batavia).
Google Map of Bandung
Searchable map and satellite view of Bandungcapital of West Java province.
Google Map of Medan
Searchable map and satellite view of Medancapital of North Sumatra province.
Google Map of Surabaya
Searchable map and satellite view of Surabayacapital of Jawa Timur (East Java).

South China Sea
Map and information about the South China Sea.
Map of Southeast Asia
Map of the Southeast Asia region.
Map of Asia
Reference Map of Asia.
 
 

News of Indonesia

Online News from Indonesia

Freedom of the Press in Indonesia
Radio stations are manybut the Internet has become the second-largest platform after television.
Many Indonesian journalists are self-censoring because they are threatened by laws on blasphemy and online defamation. The authorities also no longer hesitate to disconnect the Internet at times of tension. As the Jakarta-based Alliance for Independent Journalists often reportsthe military also intimidates reporters and even uses violence against those who cover its abuses. Radical religious groups also threaten the media's right to inform. ^[3]


ANTARA
The official news agency of the government of Indonesia.

The Jakarta Post
The journal of Indonesia today provides current Indonesian news.
The Jakarta Globe
English-language daily printed in Jakarta.

National Newspaper in Bahasa Indonesia
Jawa Pos
Indonesian national daily newspaper based in Surabaya.
Kompas Newspaper
Daily news by an Indonesian national newspaper.
Koran Jakarta
Daily newspaper published in Jakarta.
Media Indonesia
Indonesian daily broadsheet published in Jakarta.
Republika
Indonesian national daily newspaper.
Surya online
Indonesia News.
Tempo CO
Magazine with online news from Indonesia.

List of newspapers in Indonesia
Wikipedia list of Indonesian newspapers.

Business News
Bisnis Indonesia
Business and finance news (English/Indonesian).

International News
Indonesia Post
Indonesia News by World News Network.

Radio
Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI)
The public radio network of Indonesia operates six national networks and provides online news in English and Indonesian.

TV
Public Stations
Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI)
Indonesian public television network and the oldest television network in Indonesia. TVRI operates two networks (Indonesian).

Private Stations
Indosiar
Indonesian television network.
Rajawali Citra TV Indonesia (RCTI)
RCTI is an Indonesian television network based in West Jakarta.
Surya Citra Televisi Indonesia (SCTV)
Indonesian television network
Media Nusantara Citra
Private TV MNCTV's official websiteformerly TPI.

 

Arts & Culture of Indonesia



The Dalang (puppeteer)Wayang Kulit is inseparable from Javanese culture.
Image: Candra Firmansyah

Indonesian Arts & Culture

Indonesia's art and culture is as diverse as the number of ethnic groups on the islands of the archipelago. HinduBuddhistIslamic and animist beliefs as well as traditionalWesternIndian and Chinese influences shaped Indonesia's culture.


Aural Archipelago
Aural Archipelago is an online repository for the musical sights and sounds of Indonesia.

Indonesian Visual Art Archive
Non-profit art archive institution running a physical library and community space in Yogyakarta.

Museum MACAN
Indonesia's first museum of modern and contemporary Indonesian and international art.

National Museum of Indonesia
Indonesia's 'Museum Nasional' reflects Indonesian cultureit is located in central Jakarta (in Indonesian). 

Galeri Nasional Indonesia
The National Gallery of Indonesia is the national art gallery and a center for modern and contemporary art in Jakarta.

Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
Indonesian culture in a recreational park.

Wayang puppet theatre
UNESCO page about Wayang Kulitthe ancient form of storytelling that originated on the Indonesian island of Java. The Wayang puppet theater is on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Living in Indonesia
A site for Expats.



Pacu jawi is a traditional bull race in Tanah Datar Regency of West Sumatra. The race celebrates the end of the rice harvest.
Image: Rodney Ee
 

Business & Economy of Indonesia



Tegalalang rice terraces north of UbudTegalalangBali. Bali has an advanced system of wet rice cultivation that incorporates local religions and traditions dating back a thousand years. The Cultural Landscape of Bali Province is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Indonesia is one of the world's leading rice producerswith paddy production in 2003 of more than 50 million tonnes and a cultivated area of more than 11.5 million ha. ^[4]
Image: Niklas Weiss 


Economy of Indonesia
Indonesia is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and one of the emerging market economies in the world. The country is in transition from an agricultural economy based on the export of raw materials and non-food crops to an economy based on industrial production and services. Indonesia is also a major exporter of crude petroleumnatural gasand coal (coal briquettes and lignite). In 2019Indonesia was the world's biggest exporter of Palm Oil.


Bank Indonesia
Central Bank of the Republic of Indonesia.

Bursa Efek Indonesia
IDX is the Indonesian Stock Exchange is located in Jakarta.

Ministry of Industry
Indonesian Ministry of Industry website.


Indonesian brands

Astra International
Indonesian conglomerate and Southeast Asia's largest independent automotive group.
Bank Central Asia
PT Bank Central Asia Tbk is the largest privately-owned bank in Indonesia.
Cottonink
Cottonink is a web store for women's clothing.
Gojek
An on-demand multi-service platform that began as a motorcycle ride-hailing call center in Indonesia.
Greenfields
Greenfields is the largest dairy company in Southeast Asia.
Gudang Garam
Gudang Garam is an Indonesian cigarette company best known for its kretek (clove cigarette) products.
Indomie
Indomie instant noodles are produced by the Indonesian company Indofood.
Sariwangi
SariWangi is an Indonesian tea brand now owned by Unilever.
Seratus Kapas
Linen and cotton clothingJakarta.
Telkomsel
Telkomsel is the country's largest mobile operator.
Tokopedia
Indonesian e-commerce platform.

Indonesia-Product.com
Indonesia Business Directory. Find products from Indonesia.

List of companies of Indonesia
Wikipedia's List of major Indonesian companies,

Transportation

Airline
Garuda
The Indonesian flag carrier.
Lion Air
Indonesian low-cost airline and the largest airline of Indonesia.

Airport
Jakarta Airport (Soekarno-Hatta)
Official website of Soekarno-Hatta International also called Cengkareng by Indonesians (IATA code: CGK).

Port
Port of Jakarta
The Port of Tanjung Priok on Jakarta Bay in North Jakarta is the largest Indonesian seaport.

Railroad
PT Kereta Api Indonesia
The Indonesian Railways Company. Kereta Api Indonesia is the latest in a long line of successive state-owned railroad companies dating from Dutch colonial days.



An Indonesian Railways train leaving Yogyakarta.
Image: Candra Firmansyah 
 

Tourism in Indonesia



Traditional houses in West-Sumba with papaya tree (center) and satellite dishes.
Image: Azzahra Sekartini

Destination Indonesia - Travel and Tour Guides

Tourism in Indonesia is an important part of the Indonesian economy (between 4-6% of the GDP) and a significant source of foreign exchange earnings for the country. Indonesia ranked 29th in the global tourism industry in 2019 and ranked tenth in international tourist arrivals in the Asia-Pacific region.



Discover Indonesia:
Cities: JakartaSurabayaMedanBandung,
Borobudur (9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple complex)Prambanan (9th-century Hindu temple complex)Java; Pura Besakih (important Hindu temple complex)Sabangau National ParkBali; JayapuraRaja Ampat IslandsWest Papua; Equator Monument MuseumKalimantan (Borneo); Lake Toba (large crater lake)Alas River (rafting)Mount Leuser National ParkSumatra
Find accommodationattractionsfestivalseventstours and much more.


Wonderful Indonesia
The Official Website of Indonesia Tourism.

Tourism Indonesia
Comprehensive travel and tourism guide to the archipelago.


Guides to major islands in Indonesia

Bali
Bali Tourism
Official Bali Tourism Website.
Wikivoyage Bali
Bali travel by the free worldwide travel guide in many languages.

Java
EastJava
The official tourism site of East Java Province with all information about tourism in 29 districts and nine cities of East Java.
East-Indonesia.com 
Java - templesvolcanoes and bustling cities.
Wikivoyage Java
Java travel by the free worldwide travel guide in many languages.

Kalimantan (Borneo)
Kalimantan Tour Guide
We are a group of local tour guides all over Kalimantan.
Wikivoyage Kalimantan
Wikivoyage guide to Kalimantan.

Sulawesi
Visitsulsel
Official tourism board website to South Sulawesi.
Wikivoyage Sulawesi
Wikivoyage guide to Sulawesi.

Sumatra
Wikivoyage Sumatra
A travel guide to Sumatra island.



Ulun Danu Beratan temple complex is a major Hindu Shaivite Shiva compound on the shores of Lake Bratan in Bali.
Image: Bhasker Thodla
 

UNESCO World Heritage Sites



The sun rises over Borobudur Temple in Central Javawith Mount Merapian active volcanoin the background.
Image: Cmichel67.
 

UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Indonesia
There are nine UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Indonesia five cultural and four natural sites. Additionally19 properties are listed in UNESCO's Tentative List (see the List of all UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Indonesia).
The following links lead to a detailed description of the respective World Heritage Site at UNESCO.

Borobudur Temple Compounds
Borobudur is a 7th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in the Kedu Valley in the Magelang Regency of Central Java. It is the largest Buddhist temple in the world. The temple was used by Buddhists as a place of worship from the time of its construction until sometime between the 10th and 15th centuries when it was abandoned. Since its rediscovery in the 19th century and its restoration in the 20th centuryit has once again become a Buddhist archaeological site. The World Heritage Site consists of three monumentsthe Borobudur Temple and two smaller templesthe Mendut Temple and the Pawon Temple.

Prambanan Temple Compounds
Prambanan is an 8th-century Hindu temple complex about 15 km east of Yogyakarta. It is the largest temple compound in Indonesia. Prambanan consists of three temples decorated with reliefs illustrating the Ramayana epicdedicated to the Trimurtithe triad of three deitiesBrahma the creatorVishnu the preserver and Shiva the destroyer.

Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto
Sumatra and is the oldest open-pit coal mine in Southeast Asia. Coal was discovered in the area by the Dutchand mining began in 1892 after the construction of a railroad system that delivered coal from Sawahlunto to the west coast of Sumatra.
Built for the extractionprocessing and transportation of high-quality coal in an inaccessible region of Sumatrathe industrial site was developed by the government of the Dutch East Indies during the industrialization period from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century.
Coal production at Sawahlunto could supply 90 percent of the energy needs of the Dutch East Indies. The Dutch government solved the need for more and more workersnot exactly elegantlyby mobilizing forced convict labor. ^[6]
Todaytourists can visit the former infamous mine sitewhich has been transformed into a zooa lake and an equestrian center.

Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
The site comprises three Indonesian national parks on the island of SumatraGunung Leuser National ParkKerinci Seblat National Park and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The 2.5 million hectares tropical rainforest holds the greatest potential for the long-term conservation of Sumatra's distinctive and diverse flora and faunaincluding many endangered species. The sanctuary is home to plant and mammal species found nowhere else in the archipelago.



Traditional houses of the Torajan people in a mountainous region of South Sulawesi. Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement is on UNESCO's World Heritage Site Tentative List.
Image: Dominique Kirsner 1976
 

Education in Indonesia



Kampus of the Bandung Institute of Technology.
Image: ITB


Indonesia struggles to provide inclusivehigh-quality education to its citizens. The country has much lower literacy levels than those of other Southeast Asian nations.
Elementary education is compulsory and is provided free of charge at public schools from grades one to nine (six years of elementary education and three years of junior secondary education). The Indonesian government plans to extend compulsory education to grade 12but these plans have not yet been implemented due to the associated costs and other reasons. ^[7]


Major universities in Indonesia

Bandung Institute of Technology
ITB is a state research university located in Bandung and the first technology-oriented university in Indonesia.

Diponegoro University
UNDIP was the first university in Central Java when it was founded as a private university in 1957. Diponegoro is now a public university and is one of the leading universities in the country.

Gadjah Mada University
UGM is a public research university located in SlemanYogyakarta. Gadjah Mada is known as the largest and leading state university in the country.

Universitas Brawijaya
The autonomous state university in Malang (East Java) was established in 1963. UB is recognized as one of the elite campuses in Indonesia.

Universitas Indonesia
The state university of Indonesia in Depok and Jakarta is one of the oldest tertiary-level educational institutions in Indonesia.


List of universities in Indonesia
Wikipedia list of Indonesian Universities.   
 
 

Environment & Nature



Mount Bromo is an active volcano inside the giant Tengger caldera. The 2,329 m high mountain is the centerpiece of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park in East JavaIndonesia.
Image: sara marlowe


Environmental issues in Indonesia
Environmental problems in Indonesia are related to the country's high population density and rapid industrialization and are often a low priority due to high poverty levels and inadequate government resources.
Major environmental problems include overexploitation of marine resources; ecological issues associated with the country's rapid urbanization and economic developmentsuch as air pollutiontraffic congestionwaste disposaland reliable water and wastewater supplies and water pollution from industrial waste and untreated sewage.
Deforestation and the destruction of peatlands by land burning make Indonesia the world's third-largest producer of greenhouse gases. Widespread habitat destruction threatens the survival of native and endemic species.

The first Indonesian national parks were established only in the 1980s. Todaythe country has 54 national parks covering about 12% of Indonesia's territory. ^[8]


Environmental organizations in Indonesia

Burung
Burung Indonesia is an organization for the protection of birds and their habitat.

Down to Earth
Down to Earth works with partners in Indonesia and internationally to promote climate justice and sustainable livelihoods in Indonesia.

Gili Eco Trust
The Gili Eco Trust is a non-profit organization based in the Gili Islands of Indonesiacreated to protect coral reefs from destructive fishing around the three Gili Islandsoff the coast of Lombok (island).

Jaringan Advokasi Tambang - the Mining Advocacy Network
JATAMthe Mining Advocacy Network is a network of non-governmental organizations and community-based organizations working on issues concerning human rightsgenderthe environmentindigenous people and social justice in relation to the miningoiland gas industries.


Orang Utan Rehabilitation Center and Tanjung Puting National Park
Site about the Rehabilitation Center at Tanjung Puting National Park.

Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOS)
BOS is dedicated to the conservation of the endangered Bornean orangutan and its habitat.

Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Program
SOCP's work is to protect the critically endangered Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) and the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis).

Indonesian Forest Fires Crisis
Greenpeace article about burned land areas in Indonesia.

WALHI - Friends of the Earth Indonesia
WALHI is the largest and oldest non-governmental organization in Indonesia dedicated to environmental protection.



There they gothe giant trees. A truck transport huge logs in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the world's largest exporters of tropical timber products. For decadesaccording to the Environmental Investigation Agency80% of timber from Indonesia was believed to come from an illegal source.
Image: Hari Priyadi/CIFOR

 

Indonesia History



The Prambanan temple compound with the Merapi volcano in the background. The remains of the 8th century Hindu complex with more than 200 temples are located near Yogyakarta in Central Java.
The Prambanan Temple Compounds is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Image: Arabsalam


History of Indonesia

Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia
The National Archives of Indonesia is the non-ministerial government institution of Indonesia responsible for maintaining a central archive. It holds the largest archive collection related to the Dutch East India Company.


History
History of Indonesia article by the Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Washington DC.

Timeline of Indonesian history
Wikipedia timeline on the history of Indonesia.

BBC - Indonesia profile - Timeline
BBC timeline of Indonesia's recent history.

1820-1950 Indonesia and decolonisation
Article by the Rijksmuseumthe Dutch National Museum of Art and History in Amsterdam.

Wikipedia: History of Indonesia
Wikipedia article about the History of Indonesia. Part of a series on the History of Indonesia.

History of Indonesia
Encyclopædia Britannica article

Outline of Indonesia's History
Library of Congress: Indonesia from prehistory until today.
 

Indigenous People of Indonesia



The map shows ethnic groups native to Indonesia. Ethnic groups of foreign origin such as ChineseArabs and Indians are not shown but usually inhabit urban areas.
Map: Gunawan Kartapranata


Peoples of Indonesia

Southeast Asia was under the cultural influence of the Indian subcontinent for centuries. From about 300 B.C. until about the 15th centuryHindu-Buddhist influence had spread through trade and religiousculturaland political relations and was gradually absorbed by local politics.

Indonesia is a multi-ethnicmulti-lingual island country that was ruled by various local Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms and tribal empires before the arrival of Islam in the 15th-century and the colonization by the Dutch in the 19th century.


Indigenous Indonesians are known as pribumi (literally "people of the land")the Indonesians whose ancestors are primarily rooted in the archipelagoas distinguished from Indonesians with known (partial) foreign ancestrysuch as Chinese Indonesians (Tionghoa)Arab Indonesiansand Indo-Europeans (Eurasians).

There are more than 1,300 recognized ethnic groups in Indonesiaand hundreds of languages are spoken.

In addition to the six largest ethnic groupsJavanese (40%)Sundanese (16%)Batak (4%)Sulawesi (3%)Madurese (3%)and Betawi (3%)there are MinangkabauBugineseBanteneseBanjareseBalineseAcehneseDayakand Sasakall with a population of more than 3 million people.

 

Additional Information

Selected country profiles of Indonesia published by international organizations.


Country profiles

BBC Country Profile: Indonesia
Country profiles by the British public service broadcaster.

BTI Transformation Index Indonesia
Indonesia Country Report 2020 by Bertelsmann Stiftung.

The CIA World Factbook -- Indonesia
CIA World Factbook Indonesia Page.

Wikipedia: Indonesia
Wikipedia's Indonesia page in many languages.


Human rights

Amnesty International: Indonesia
Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

Freedom House: Indonesia
The U.S. government-funded non-profit organization whose goal is to promote liberal democracies worldwide.

Human Rights Watch: Indonesia
HRW conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

Reporters Without Borders: Indonesia
RSF (Reporters sans frontières) is an international NGO that defends and promotes media freedom.


Business & economy

FAO: Indonesia
UN Food and Agriculture Organization.

GlobalEDGE: Indonesia
Indonesia ranking by the Global business knowledge portal.

The Heritage Foundation: Indonesia
Index of Economic Freedom by The Heritage Foundationan American conservative think tank.

OEC: Indonesia
The Observatory of Economic Complexity provides the latest international trade data.

World Bank: Indonesia
World Development Indicators database.