摘要：

《民法典》第590条为合同之债的债务人提供了法定的免责依据。通说认为，本规范属于任意规范，当事人可以作不同的安排。其中“不能履行”的对象为债务，而非合同。“不能履行”的范围不限于履行不能，包括除与不可抗力无关之期前拒绝以外的所有给付障碍形态。本规范免除的是债务人的损害赔偿责任。本条规定债务人通知和证明提供的义务，是为了确保债权人获得其他救济措施和查证的机会。在债权人明知或者应当知道相关事实的情形，债务人可以豁免此两项义务。

关键词: 不可抗力 免责 通知 证明

Abstract: Article 590 of the Civil Code provides a statutory exemption basis for the debtor of contractual obligation.It is generally believed that this Provision is a default rule and the parties may make different arrangements.The object of“unfulfillable”is debt，other than the contract.The scope of“unfulfillable”is not limited to impossibility of performance，but also includes all forms of payment obstacles，except for pre period refusal unrelated to force majeure.This rule exempts the debtor from the liability for damages.The obligation of the debtor to provide notice and proof is to ensure that the creditor has opportunities to access to other relief measures and verification.When the creditor knows or should know the relevant facts，the debtor can be exempted from these two obligations.

Key words: Force Majeure Exemption Notice Proof