Euchre: The Ultimate Guide

• Summary
• Rules
• Strategy
• Glossary
• Variations
• History
• Video Tutorial

Summary

If you’ve never heard of the game beforeyou might be surprised to learn that Euchre is one of the world’s oldest and most popular card games with roots dating back to 18th century Europe. Unlike other popular card games where individual players compete against each other to wineuchre is a team sport that focuses more on interpersonal communication and social strategiesskills which may be found lacking in a typical game of poker. This social aspect of the gameperhapsis part of the reason why Euchre is more likely to be played in quaintsmall-town bars and tournaments at pubs and tavernslocal community gatheringsand smallintimate kitchen table get-togethers amongst friends.

Whether you’re not familiar with the game or are a seasoned expertthis ultimate guide to Euchre will explain everything you need to know about the game—including its history and backgroundhow to play Euchreimportant variations to the rulesand more. Keep reading to learn what you need to know about this classic card game that’s been passed down for generations by Euchre lovers all over the worldand why it’s an enjoyable pastimeperfect for playing with family and friends.

How To Play Euchre

Euchre is a very social game considered to belong to the “trick-taking” genrealong with hearts and spades. The goal of the game is to win the trick by playing the high card in each roundand to win more tricks than the other team. If a team scores ten points first in a roundthat team wins the game. Under normal circumstancesone round of Euchre should take approximately half an hour or less to complete.

• Four players (split into two teams)
• A Standard Deck of 52 Playing Cards*
• Pencil and paper (to keep track of points)

Euchre is played with four players split evenly into two teams. Each player sits opposite his or her partner at the table. Euchre decks can be purchased in stores or through online marketplace websites like AmazonhoweverEuchre decks can be easily made from a standard 52-card deck using just 24 cards (the NineTenJackQueenKingand Ace cards of each of the four suits). The rest of the cards in the deck are unused in Euchre.

Before the game beginsthe players agree on the Trump suitor the suit with the highest-value of the gameThe selected Trump suit can any of the suits in the card deck: SpadesHeartsDiamondsor Clubs. The cards of each suit are ranked in the following orderfrom highest to lowest:

1. Right Bower: The Jack card from the selected Trump suitand the best bower. The word “bower” is from the German “bauer”which means “farmer”which is represented by the Jack of ClubsJack of SpadesJack of Heartsand Jack of Diamonds.
2. Left Bower: The Jack of the same color as the Trump suitbut from a different suit
3. Ace: The Ace card from the Trump suit
4. King: The King card from the Trump suit
5. Queen: The Queen card from the Trump suit
6. Ten: The ten card from the Trump suit
7. Nine: The nine card from the Trump suit

All other suitsexcept for the cards of the Trump suitor the Jack of the same color as the Trump suit)have the following rankingfrom highest to lowest:

1. Ace
2. King
3. Queen
4. Jack
5. Ten
6. Nine

The first dealer of the game is randomly selected from the four playersand afterwardswill rotate in a clockwise direction throughout the game. Once chosenthe dealer then shuffles the cards and offers the player to the left with the choice to cut the deckor to play it as is.

The dealer then deals out five cards to each player in two clockwise rotations around the tablewhich means two or three cards per round. If one player was dealt two cards in the first rotationthe dealer will then give him or her three cards in the nextor three in the firstand two in the next. The order may be different from player to player.

When the dealer finishes passing out cardshe or she will turn the next card in the remaining cards (called the kitty) over and set it downface-up. The player to the left of the dealer will then decide whether he or she accepts the up-card suit as the Trump suitor would prefer to turn it downor pass. This process determines the trump suitwhich team are the makers (the ones that accept a trump card or offer another) and the defenders (the team that doesn’t).

Firsteach player in turnbeginning with the player to the dealer’s lefthas the option of accepting the up-card’s suit as the trump suitor passing. If he or she decides to passthe dealer’s partner will then have the choice of passing or saying “I assist”. If both players passthe player to the right of the dealer will decide to pass or say “I order it up”. If all players pass the cardthe dealer will then pick up the card saying “I take it up”or pass on the cardflipping it over face-down and remarking“over” and the end of the turn.

If one the dealer or one of the dealer’s opponents takes up the cardthe suit on the up-card becomes the Trump suit. If this happensthen the dealer will add the up-card to his or her hand while removing another cardface-down. If the dealer’s partner says “I turn it down”that player will play alone and their partnerthe dealermust place his or her cards down on the table. If no one speaks up for the card and all players passthe dealer will place the up-card face-down and turn a new card over from the kitty.

In this second roundthe player to the left will passor name a suit. If that player passesthe next player will also choose to pass or name a suitcontinuing on until someone names a suit or all players pass. If all players pass againthe players throw in their cards and a new player is the dealer (chosen clockwise from the last dealer). The new dealer will shuffle the cards again and give each player a new hand to start the process over again.

If any player from the maker or defender side feels as though he or she has a particularly strong handthey can decide to play alone to win more points. This can be done once the trump suit is selectedbut before the play begins. In some casesone player from the maker side and one player from the defender side will both simultaneously decide to play alone.

The player that leads first depends on how many players are active in the game. There are three scenarios that might take place to determine who leads with the first card.

• If all of the four players are activethen the player to the left of the dealer begins the gameplay by leading with any card from his or her hand.
• If one player of the four has decided to play a lone handthe player to the left of the solo player will go first.
• If two players have decided to go alonethe player whose team did not choose the trump suit goes first.
• The first player to put down a card can lead with any card of their choosing. In a clockwise rotationeach player must follow suit by placing down a card of the same suit as the card led. If he or she cannot follow suitthey will play any card of their choice. The player that wins the trick will have played the highest card of the suit ledor in case a player put down a trump cardthe highest trump card wins. The winning player will lead the next round.

The scoring system in Euchre is complicatedwhere points are weighted depending on how many players playwhich team wins (the makers or the defenders)and how many tricks are taken in total.

The scoring system is as follows:

• One point is scored for every three or four tricks takenwhen all four players are playing in a round.
• Two points are scored if the either the makers or the defenders sweep all five trickswhen all four players are playing in a round.
• If a lone player wins three or four trickstheir team wins one point.
• If a player plays alone and wins all five tricksthe team will score four points.
• If a player is caught failing to follow suit when he or she could have done sothis is called a “renege”. If another player catches a renegethat team can decide to add two points to their scoreor to take away two points to the guilty team’s score as a penalty.
• If the renege is committed and caught by a team going against a solo opponentthe penalty is four points added to the innocent team’s scoreor taken away from the guilty team’s score (to be decided on by the team that identified the renege).
• If the makers fail to take the trick at least three out of the five roundsthe defenders score two points and the makers are considered “euchred”.

How to Win at Euchre: Top Tips and Expert Strategies

The best advice any Euchre player will give to a beginner is to play often. Euchre is a fast-paced game with plenty of rules that may seem confusing at firstbut once you’ve gotten the hang of the pace and structure of the gamedeveloping an instinct for winning strategies will come naturally.

It’s often said that Euchre is a game of strategy and luckjust like poker. While players may not have much control over the cards they’re dealtthey do have control over the decisions they make—like knowing whether to bid or to passand when to play aloneand how to read an opponentthat affect not only their personal outcomebut that of their partner’s as well.

While practice will certainly improve your abilities at Euchrelearning some of the more popular strategies can also help you get better at the game. Here are a few very basic tips to get you started with developing your own Euchre methodology:

If a player fails to follow suit when he or she could have done sothe player must identify the renege before the round is completed and the winner takes the trick. Paying attention to the cards played on both sides will help players catch reneges before it’s too late to correct them and win the points.

Unlike games played with all 52 cardsEuchre decks are made up of just 24 cardsmeaning that there are less cards to consider. Memorizing which cards have been played alreadywhich cards the dealer added to his or her own handand other details will help you to make more strategic decisions throughout the game—like when to toss cards and when to lead with them.

If you’re putting down the first cardconsider whether your partner called the trump suit or not. If soyour partner needs to know where the trump cards areso if you hold the right or left boweryou may want to lead with them to alert your partner as to where they are.

If you are on the defender’s sidetry and lead with a singleton Ace (an ace with no other cards in that suit). Your next best bet will be a doubleton Aceas long as it’s not the same color as the trump suit. This will increase the odds that your opponents will have to play that suit (and you’ll win the trick with the highest value card).

If you do have other cards from the same off-suitdon’t risk playing that hand. Remember that there are only six cards of each suit in the deck. Chances may not be in your favor that your opponents will have the remaining cards to follow suitand will be able to win the trick with a higher-value card. Likewisedon’t lead with the suit that was turned down. The likeliest reason that your opponents turned down the suitafter allis because they didn’t have those cards in the first place.

There are certain times in the game where ordering the trump suit or picking it upif you’re the dealerwill benefit your team more than when passing the card. One of those times is when your team is at The Bridgewhich refers to the breaking point where your score is at 9 points. If the opposing team is within reach of a win with a four-point score (through a solo player win)becoming the maker team will prevent the opposite team from being able to do so.

It’s safe to assume that if the dealing team turns down a card of a certain suitneither of them have those suit cardsor the left bower card (or any side aces of that color to helpfor that matter). In this caseleading with the opposite suit of the same color is mathematically probably choice for you or your partner winning the trick—a tactic referred to as “next”.

Euchre Terms and Definitions

At the Bridge: When a team has nine points and is one point away from winning the game.

Bowers: The highest cards in each suit are the Jack cardsknown as the bowerswhere the right bower is the highest and the left bower is the second highest card in the round. The right bower and the left bower change according to the trump suit selected and are at the top of the hierarchy in the entire deck.

Right Bower: The jack of the trump suit.

Left Bower: The jack of the suit that represents the same color as the trump suit.

Makers: The partnership that orders up the trump is called the “maker” team.

Defenders: The partnership that did not order up the trump suit.

Declare Trump/Order Up: Declaring trump or ordering up refers to the act of ordering the trump.

Eldest Hand: Also known as the “first seat”the eldest hand refers to the player to the left of the dealer.

Euchre/Euchred: When the team that orders up the trump suit fails to take three or four tricksthey are “euchred”and the defenders score two additional points.

Hand: In euchrea hand consists of five tricks.

Kitty: The kitty refers to the four extra cards (or fivedepending on the game variation) after the cards have been dealt.

Pone (also known as the Third Seat): The poneor the third seatrefers to the player sitting at the right of the dealer.

Round: One round signifies one rotation in which each player in the game has played one card.

Round of Bidding: One rotation where each player has the opportunity to bid or pass on the trump suitand ends after someone has declared the trump. There can a second round of bidding after the first if the first trump suit is passed by all of the players.

Renege: When a player has refused to follow suit despite having been able to do so.

Side Ace: Any Ace card that does not belong to the trump suit.

Side Suit: A card in a suit that does not represent the trump suit.

Stick the Dealer: If the second round of bidding passes without a player ordering up (or making trump)the players can force the dealer to declare the trump suit in an action called “stick the dealer”.

Trick: When a trump suit is chosen and the first card is ledeach player lays one card down. The set of four cards together are known as the “trick”.

Trump: Also known as the “boss suit”the trump suit outranks all other suits in the deck.

Trumping: Also known in some versions of the game as “ruffing”Trumping simply means to play a trump suit card on a trick.

Up-Card: Also known as a “turn-card”the up-card is the top card from the kitty that the dealer turns face-up after dealing out the cards to each player. The up-card is offered to the players as the trump suit during the first round of bidding. If the up-card is chosen by a playerthe dealer replaces the up-card with one of his or her cards from their hand.

Euchre Game Variations

There are many variations of euchre that range from simple twists to total adaptations of the game. Learning the different variations can be a fun way to change up the game and to keep it exciting—though many long-time players scoff at some of the adaptations made to the game and would prefer to stick to their original versions.

Here are just a few of some of the ways euchre is played differently in other parts of the world:

One of the most notable variants of the game of euchre has to do with the number of cards played in the deck. While many US and Canadian versions of Euchre primarily use 24 cards in the deckother versions use 25—usually in British versions of Euchre. In this variationthe Joker cardreferred to as the “Benny” is utilized and has the highest value in the deck—followed by the right bower and left bowerand the Aceetc. In other versionsplayer use 32 card deckswhere the 7 and 8 cards are included. This can make the game significantly harder as it creates more confusion as to which players hold trump cards and which do not.

In this popular version of euchrethere are only three players that play on their own. The first player to reach ten points wins the game.

In this version of euchrethe player to the left of the dealer makes a guess as to the suit of the trump card before the dealer deals the cards to the players or turns over the up-card. If the player guessed correctlythe suit is automatically the trump suit and the player to the left of the dealer that predicted the suit correctly gets the card (and must discard one of his or her own cards from their hand). If a player calls trump correctlyhe or she can then decide to play solo—but cannot change their mind after seeing his or her hand.

If the player guesses incorrectlythen the remaining players will have the choice of making trump or passing the bid. Euchre scoring in Smitty can vary and there is the option of going alone if you’ve called the trumpwhich is called “calling for the game”. In this caseif a player wins all five tricksten points are granted to that team and they win the entire game.

A McEvoy hand is a hand that is made up of 9s and 10sin other wordsthe lowest cards in the deck. In some variants of euchrethe dealer will re-deal the cards if a McEvoy hand is declared by a player. If a player wants to declare his or her McEvoy handit must be done immediately after the cards are dealt and before the round of bidding begins. Players are allowed just one McEvoy call per playerper game.

In euchre“Chuck” is a variation of “Stick the Dealer”. In this casethe dealer can decide to order up the trumpkeep just one card from the handand trade the remaining four cards for those that remain in the kitty. This move can also include the up-card that was turned over.

Also known as “Club Euchre”this version says that when the up-card from the kitty is clubsthe dealer must declare it as the trump suit and play with his or her partner on the makers side.

Just as the name saysthis American version of the game states that a player can bid “no trump” after the first round of bidding has passed. This would make Aces the highest cards rank in the deck.

In this versionall suits may become trump suits except for hearts.

History of Euchre

Euchre is said to be derived from a blend of three ancient European trick-taking card games: Juckerspiela popular German card game from the 18th centuryÉcartéan old French casino gameand Triomphewhich originated in Spain in the early 15th century.

The game made its way to the United States in the 19th centurywhere it was introducedmost likelyby German and French settlers in Pennsylvania and Louisianaand by sailors crisscrossing the Atlantic between the United States and England. It spread very quickly along the East Coastthe Southern states (especially in New Orleans)and across Canadabecoming one of the most popular card games in both countriesand the number one card game in the United States for a long time.

While Euchre has lost much of its popularity over the last centurythe game still enjoys a strong following in hot spots located all over the world. There are tournaments and official clubs where players meet on a regular basis to playmost notably in the Midwestern “Euchre belt” of the United States (IndianaOhioMichiganand Wisconsin)in parts of Canada (particularly Ottawa and Nova Scotia territories)largecoastalEnglish port cities in Great Britain like Cornwall and the Channel Islandsand in New Zealand and Australia. The rise of the internet has also sparked renewed interest in Euchrewith online tournaments and competitions connecting old and new players from around the world that share the same passion for the game.