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以通信为中心的通感一体化信号设计：研究现状与展望

DOI: 10.12000/JR25073 CSTR: 32380.14.JR25073

唐爱民¹,
刘凡^2, ,,
袁伟杰³,
杨杰²,
王书涵¹,
兰岚⁴,
余显祥⁵,
冯志勇⁶,
金石²

1.
上海交通大学上海 200240
2.
东南大学南京 211189
3.
南方科技大学深圳 518055
4.
西安电子科技大学西安 710071
5.
电子科技大学成都 611731
6.
北京邮电大学北京 100876

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62331023)，广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2024A1515011218)

详细信息

作者简介:
唐爱民，博士，助理研究员，主要研究方向为B5G/6G网络、通信感知一体化技术、全双工通信

刘　凡，博士，研究员，主要研究方向为6G无线通信、通信感知一体化、低空无线网络

袁伟杰，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为正交时频空间调制、通信感知一体化、车联网

杨　杰，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为通信感知一体化、毫米波通信、人工智能

王书涵，硕士生，主要研究方向为通信感知一体化技术

兰　岚，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为雷达探测、信号与信息智能处理、阵列通感一体化技术

余显祥，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为雷达探测与成像、信号处理、人工智能

冯志勇，博士，教授，主要研究方向为下一代通信网络、频谱感知、通信感知一体化

金　石，博士，教授，主要研究方向为无线通信理论、随机矩阵理论、信息论

通讯作者:
刘凡 [email protected]

责任主编：唐波 Corresponding Editor: TANG Bo

中图分类号: TN92
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-22
- 修回日期: 2025-07-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-25
- 刊出日期: 2025-08-28

Signal Design for Communication Centric ISAC: State of Art and Future Aspects

1.
Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China
2.
Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China
3.
Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China
4.
Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China
5.
University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China
6.
Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (62331023)The Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515011218)

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Fan[email protected]

摘要

摘要: 近年来，通信感知一体化技术受到学术界和工业界的广泛关注，被视为6G网络的关键技术之一。考虑到通信基础设施的广泛部署，将感知功能集成到通信系统中以构建通信感知一体化网络成为研究的重点。为此，以通信为中心的通感一体化信号设计成为首要解决的关键技术问题。以通信为中心的信号设计有两种主要技术路线：(1)基于导频进行感知的信号设计；(2)基于数据进行感知的信号设计。该文对以上两种信号设计的技术路线进行了深入而系统的阐述，其中对基于导频进行感知的信号设计的现有文献进行了全面综述，并对基于数据进行感知的信号设计进行了梳理，最后对通感一体化信号设计的未来研究方向进行了展望。
- 通信感知一体化 /
- 信号设计 /
- 导频设计 /
- 基于导频感知 /
- 基于数据感知
Abstract: Integrated Sensing And Communications (ISAC)a key technology for 6G networkshas attracted extensive attention from both academia and industry. Leveraging the widespread deployment of communication infrastructuresthe integration of sensing functions into communication systems to achieve ISAC networks has emerged as a research focus. To this endthe signal design for communication-centric ISAC systems should be addressed first. Two main technical routes are considered for communication-centric signal design: (1) pilot-based sensing signal design and (2) data-based ISAC signal design. This paper provides an in-depth and systematic overview of signal design for the aforementioned technical routes. Firsta comprehensive review of the existing literature on pilot-based signal design for sensing is presented. Thenthe data-based ISAC signal design is analyzed. Finallyfuture research topics on the ISAC signal design are proposed.
- Integrated Sensing And Communications (ISAC) /
- Signal design /
- Pilot design /
- Pilot-based sensing /
- Data-based sensing

HTML全文

图 1 通感一体化系统模型

Figure 1. System model for ISAC

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图 2 导频在OFDM帧结构中的插入结构

Figure 2. The pilot structures in OFDM frames

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图 3 不同导频插入模式对应的模糊峰以及不模糊检测范围示意

Figure 3. The ambiguous peak and unambiguous detection area for different pilot structures

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图 4 接收OFDM符号的时间轴

Figure 4. The timeline for received OFDM symbols

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图 5 OFDM信号的均方ACF及其相干积累示意图

Figure 5. The average squared AFC and corresponding coherent integration versions of an OFDM signal

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图 6 SCCDMA和OFDM调制信号的ACF及其相干积累示意图

Figure 6. The average squared ACF and corresponding coherent integration versions of SCCDMAand OFDM signals

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图 7 PCS技术在随机ISAC信号设计中的应用实例

Figure 7. An illustrative example of the PCS technique for random ISAC signals

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图 8 OFDM调制下使用16-QAM星座的两目标距离估计性能和距离像

Figure 8. The range estimation performance and profiles of two targets under OFDM with 16-QAM constellation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 基于现有通信导频的感知方法

Table 1. Summarization of sensing methods based on existing communication reference signals

通信标准	感知所用信号	感知架构	参考文献
IEEE 802.11p	DSRC	单站感知	[43,44]
	DSRC + ISM频段	单站感知	[43]
	SM	单站感知	[45]
IEEE 802.11ad	Preamble	单站感知	[46–50]
IEEE 802.11ad	SLS	双站感知	[51–53]
4G LTE	CSRS等各种参考信号	\	[54–57]
5G NR	SSB等各种参考信号	\	[58,59]
	所有信号	双站感知	[60,61]
	SSB	单站+双站感知	[62]
	SSB	双站感知	[63]
	SSB+SIB1	单站感知	[64]
	DMRS	单站感知	[65]
	DMRS	双站/多站感知	[66]
	PRS	单站感知	[67–69]
	CSI-RS + DMRS	双站感知	[70]
	CSI-RS + DMRS	单站感知	[71]
	CSI-RS + DMRS + PRS	单站感知	[72]
	PRS + DMRS	单站感知	[73,74]

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 面向通感一体的感知信号优化方法

Table 2. Summarization of optimization methods of ISAC sensing signals

优化目的	通信性能指标	感知性能指标	优化对象	参考文献
最大化感知性能	通信速率	MI	载波功率	[101]
	功率	CRLB	载波功率	[102]
	\	CRLB	载波数量和位置	[103]
	\	估计误差	参考信号	[104]
最大化通感性能	有效信道容量	估计误差	载波数量和功率	[105]
	排队长度	Age of information	雷达模式	[106]
	速率	FI	载波功率	[107]
	SER	CRLB	载波功率	[108]
最小化功率	速率	MI	载波位置和功率	[109]
	速率	MI	载波位置和功率	[110]
	速率	SNR	参考信号间隔和功率	[81,111]

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 典型亚高斯星座的峰度值

Table 3. Kurtosis values of typical sub-Gaussian constellations

星座	峰度
PSK	1.0000
16-QAM	1.3200
64-QAM	1.3810
128-QAM	1.3427
256-QAM	1.3953
512-QAM	1.3506
1024-QAM	1.3988
2048-QAM	1.3525

下载: 导出CSV

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